imaging Flashcards
1
Q
Medical Imaging
A
Field involving creation of images for diagnosis.
2
Q
Analog Images
A
Images produced using film-based methods.
3
Q
Digital Images
A
Images acquired electronically for storage and manipulation.
4
Q
Image Receptor
A
Device capturing the image in imaging systems.
5
Q
Conventional Radiographic Imaging
A
Film-based imaging method using intensifying screens.
6
Q
Processed Film
A
Chemically treated film resulting in a hard copy.
7
Q
Hard Copy Image
A
Physical print of an image for viewing.
8
Q
Soft Copy Viewing
A
Viewing images on a computer monitor.
9
Q
Computed Tomography (CT)
A
Imaging technique using computer-processed combinations.
10
Q
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
A
Imaging technique using magnetic fields and radio waves.
11
Q
Nuclear Medicine
A
Medical specialty using radioactive substances for diagnosis.
12
Q
Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT)
A
Nuclear imaging technique providing 3D images.
13
Q
Positron Emission Tomography (PET)
A
Imaging test using radioactive tracers for metabolic activity.
14
Q
Ultrasound (US)
A
Imaging technique using sound waves to visualize structures.
15
Q
Computed Radiography (CR)
A
Digital imaging using photostimulable phosphor plates.
16
Q
Direct Digital Radiography (DDR)
A
Digital imaging using flat-panel detectors.
17
Q
Picture Archiving and Communication System (PACS)
A
System for storing and sharing medical images electronically.
18
Q
Microcomputer
A
Small computer with a single microprocessor.
19
Q
Minicomputer
A
Mid-sized computer with multiple microprocessors.
20
Q
Mainframe Computer
A
Large computer handling vast amounts of data.
21
Q
Supercomputer
A
Extremely powerful computer for complex calculations.
22
Q
Computer Architecture
A
Structure and organization of computer hardware and software.
23
Q
Hardware
A
Physical components of a computer system.
24
Q
Input Devices
A
Hardware providing data and control signals to computers.
25
Output Devices
Hardware converting information into human-readable form.
26
Software
Programs instructing hardware on data manipulation.
27
Source Data Entry Devices
Convert data into a computer-understandable language.
28
Keyboards
Input device for typing text and commands.
29
Mouse
Pointing device for navigating graphical interfaces.
30
Microphones
Input device capturing audio signals.
31
Bar Code Readers
Devices scanning and interpreting barcodes.
32
Touch Screens
Displays responding to touch for input.
33
Image Scanners
Devices converting physical images to digital format.
34
Monitors
Output devices displaying visual information.
35
Cathode Ray Tube (CRT)
Old monitor technology using electron beams.
36
Liquid Crystal Display (LCD)
Flat-panel display technology using liquid crystals.
37
Organic Light Emitting Diode (OLED)
Display technology using organic compounds for light.
38
Plasma Screen
Flat panel display using ionized gas.
39
Speakers
Output devices converting audio signals to sound.
40
Printers
Devices producing physical copies of digital documents.
41
Plotters
Output devices for printing vector graphics.
42
Projectors
Devices displaying visual content on large surfaces.
43
Earphones
Small speakers worn on or in the ears.
44
Motherboard
Main circuit board connecting all computer components.
45
Transistor
Electronic switch controlling signal flow in circuits.
46
Silicon
Semiconductor material used in electronic devices.
47
Integrated Circuits (ICs)
Miniaturized electronic circuits in a single package.
48
Large Scale Integration (LSI)
Integration of thousands of transistors on a chip.
49
Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI)
Integration of millions of transistors on a chip.
50
Integrated Circuit
A silicon chip containing multiple electronic elements.
51
Miniaturization
Development of smaller transistors for integrated circuits.
52
Transistor
Basic building block of microprocessors and circuits.
53
CPU
Central processing unit; computer's brain on motherboard.
54
Microprocessor
Single integrated circuit CPU in microcomputers.
55
Instruction Execution
Process of interpreting and carrying out commands.
56
Data Manipulation
Changing data within the CPU's processing tasks.
57
ALU
Arithmetic Logic Unit; performs calculations and logic.
58
Arithmetic Operations
Basic math functions: add, subtract, multiply, divide.
59
Boolean Logic
Logical operations using AND, OR, NOT, etc.
60
CU
Control Unit; coordinates CPU functions and data flow.
61
Memory Unit
Holds information; includes RAM and ROM.
62
RAM
Main memory; volatile storage for active data.
63
Volatile Memory
Memory that loses data when power is off.
64
Clock Speed
Speed of CPU instruction execution, measured in Hz.
65
Hertz (Hz)
Unit of frequency; cycles per second.
66
Megahertz (MHz)
One million hertz; CPU speed measurement.
67
Gigahertz (GHz)
One billion hertz; high-speed CPU measurement.
68
MIPS
Millions of instructions per second; CPU performance metric.
69
Bus
Wired pathways for data transfer in computers.
70
Data Pathways
Connections between CPU, memory, and I/O components.
71
Random Access
Data can be accessed in any order efficiently.
72
RAM
Active storage for currently processed information.
73
Active Storage
Memory that holds data in use.
74
RAM Capacity
Affects processing speed and efficiency.
75
MB
Megabyte, approximately 1 million bytes.
76
GB
Gigabyte, approximately 1 billion bytes.
77
TB
Terabyte, approximately 1 thousand billion bytes.
78
CMOS Technology
Manufacturing technology for RAM.
79
DRAM
Dynamic RAM, needs constant refreshing.
80
SRAM
Static RAM, faster and more expensive.
81
ROM
Non-volatile memory for permanent data storage.
82
Firmware
Unchangeable software stored in ROM.
83
Bootstrap
Initial program to start the computer.
84
BIOS
Basic Input/Output System for diagnostics.
85
Non-volatile Memory
Memory that retains data without power.
86
Secondary Memory
Archival storage for long-term data retention.
87
File
Collection of data treated as a unit.
88
Program Files
Contain software instructions.
89
Image Files
Contain digital images.
90
Audio Files
Contain digitized sound.
91
Video Files
Contain digitized video.
92
Bit
Smallest data unit, 0 or 1.
93
Byte
Group of 8 bits.
94
Word
16 bits or 2 bytes.
95
Kilobyte (KB)
1024 bytes.
96
Optical Storage
Includes CDs, DVDs, and Blu-ray discs.
97
Magnetic Storage
Includes hard disk drives.
98
Solid State Drive
Faster storage with no moving parts.
99
Compact Disc (CD)
Optical disc for storing digital data.
100
Digital Video Disc (DVD)
Higher capacity optical disc than CD.
101
CD-ROM/DVD-ROM
Read-only memory format for CDs and DVDs.
102
CD-R/DVD-R
Write once, read many format for discs.
103
CD-RW/DVD-RW
Rewritable discs for multiple data writes.
104
Flash Drive
Portable solid-state storage device via USB.
105
Solid State Technology
Data storage using flash memory chips.
106
RAID
Redundant array of independent disks for data reliability.
107
Jukebox
CD-ROM drive handling multiple discs simultaneously.
108
Ports
Connectors for peripherals on a computer.
109
Serial Ports
Connects devices, sending 1 bit at a time.
110
Parallel Ports
Sends 8 bits of data simultaneously.
111
USB Ports
Versatile ports for connecting various devices.
112
Computer Software
Programs instructing hardware on data manipulation.
113
System Software
Programs enabling user operation of a computer.
114
Operating System
System software managing computer hardware resources.
115
Application Programs
Software for specific user tasks and functions.
116
Windows
Popular operating system by Microsoft.
117
Linux
Open-source operating system known for flexibility.
118
Macintosh OS
Operating system for Apple computers.
119
Android
Operating system for mobile devices by Google.
120
Application Software Examples
Includes Word, Excel, Photoshop, and PDF.
121
Algorithm
Step-by-step instructions for solving problems.
122
Digital Imaging Algorithms
Mathematical functions applied to raw image data.
123
Computer Program
Collection of algorithms for specific applications.
124
FORTRAN
Formula Translation programming language.
125
Visual Basic
Event-driven programming language from Microsoft.
126
Java
Object-oriented programming language for cross-platform applications.
127
COBOL
Common Business Oriented Language for business applications.
128
Pascal
Procedural programming language for teaching programming.
129
C
General-purpose programming language for system programming.
130
C++
Extension of C with object-oriented features.
131
Binary Language
Data representation using 0s and 1s.
132
Encoding
Translating characters to binary digits.
133
Binary Code
Computer language based on on/off states.
134
Transistor Switching
On/off action representing binary data.
135
Binary Number System
Counting system using only 0 and 1.
136
Decimal System
Counting system using digits 0 to 9.
137
Number Systems
Different bases for representing numbers.
138
Base 10
Decimal system using ten digits.
139
Base 2
Binary system using two digits.
140
Conversion to Base 2
Process of changing decimal to binary.
141
Binary Representation of 20
20 in binary is 10100.
142
Binary Representation of 16
16 in binary is 10000.
143
Binary Number
A number represented in base 2.
144
Decimal Number
A number represented in base 10.
145
ASCII
Character encoding standard for text data.
146
Input
Data entry using hardware devices like keyboard.
147
Processing
Using CPU to convert data into information.
148
Storage
Permanently or temporarily saving information.
149
Output
Displaying results of computer processing.
150
Communications
Sharing data and output information.
151
Analog Data
Data with continuous values without limitations.
152
Digital Data
Data represented in discrete, finite values.
153
Binary Code
Computer language based on 0's and 1's.
154
Data Translation
Converting all data forms into binary.
155
Alphanumeric Characters
Letters and numbers encoded in binary form.
156
Continuous Format
Representation allowing any value, including decimals.
157
Discrete Format
Representation using finite values or integers.
158
Signal Data
Information represented in analog or digital form.
159
CPU
Central Processing Unit, processes computer data.
160
Hardware Devices
Physical components used for data input/output.
161
Data Entry
Inputting data into a computer system.
162
Computer Operations
Fundamental tasks performed by computers.
163
Image Diagnosis
Using processed images for medical evaluation.
164
Rounded Off Values
Digital data approximated to finite decimal places.
165
Analog Signal
Continuous signal representing varying physical quantities.
166
Digitization
Converting analog signals into discrete numerical values.
167
Sampling Frequency
Rate of sampling an analog signal for digitization.
168
Image Receptor
Device capturing X-ray signals for image formation.
169
Analog Format
Representation of image as a continuous density spectrum.
170
Digital Image
Image formed from multiple samplings of signals.
171
Signal Points
Specific locations of electrical impulses or light photons.
172
Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC)
Device converting analog signals to digital format.
173
Digital-to-Analog Conversion
Process of converting digital signals back to analog.
174
Digital-to-Analog Converter (DAC)
Device transforming digital signals for monitor display.
175
Continuous Density Spectrum
Range of intensities represented in an analog image.
176
Image Information
Data carried by analog signals from image receptors.
177
X-ray Exposure
Process where X-rays strike the image receptor.
178
Discrete Values
Quantized representations of continuous analog measurements.
179
Electrical Signals
Signals generated by electrical impulses in imaging.
180
Light Photons
Particles of light contributing to image formation.
181
Human Vision
Perception of the world primarily through analog signals.
182
Processed Digital Signal
Digital representation of image after processing.
183
Monitor Display
Visual output device for processed image signals.
184
Image Shades of Grey
Variations in brightness displayed on a monitor.
185
Multiple Samplings
Taking several measurements to create a digital image.
