imaging Flashcards
(21 cards)
SI unit of diathermy
Watts: Diathermy machines often display power output in watts (W), which is a measure of electrical power, but the underlying current is measured in amperes.
What is the SI unit for the activity of radioactivity decay?
Becquerel
unit of ionizing radiation dose](SI), defined as the absorption of one joule of radiation energy per kilogram of matter
Gray
(SI) intended to represent the stochastic health risk of ionizing radiation, which is defined as the probability of causing radiation-induced cancer and genetic damage
Sievert
how many points is postmenopausal status in RMI
3
(for RMI 1)
(4 for RMI 2, but I believe NICE recommends RMI 1)
Is it possible to get an RMI score of 0
yes, I believe so. No scary ultrasound findings = 0
Ultrasound findings (mnemonic) which contribute to RMI
BALMS
Bilateral
Ascites
Locules (multilocular cysts)
Metastases
Solid areas
how to calculate U score in RMI
0 issues = 0
1 issue = 1
2+ issues = 3
issues = BALMS (bilateral, ascites, locules, metastases, solid components)
Schiller Duval bodies are found in…
EndoDermal sinus tumor (EST) is a member of the germ cell tumor group of cancers.
It is the most common TESTICULAR tumor in children under three,
AKA infantile embryonal carcinoma
OR yolk sac tumor.
A woman got infection in first trimester rash and joint pain later on ultrasound showed only fetal ascites with no other structural defect:
CMV ??
by sound waves being converted to heat (law of thermodynamics) ultrasound can raise the tissue temperature by…
1.5 degrees C
This is no big deal if not for an extended period of time
the oscillation of the sound wave on tissue during ultrasound imaging can cause small gas bubbles which collapse and generate very high energies to adjacent tissue. What is this called?
cavitation
The mechanical index (MI) - a number displayed on the ultrasound screen - attempts to quantify…
It is recommended to keep the MI below…
attempts to quantify the likelihood of cavitation by an ultrasound beam
Keep it below 1.9
colour of doppler away from transducer
colour of doppler towards transducer
Away from transducer is AZUL
towaRds is Red / ROJA
An endometrial thickness with TVS of less than or equal to 4mm reduces probability of endometrial carcinoma to…
<1%
histology of ovarian fibroma
long thin spindle cells arranged in branching groups called fascicles.
average radiation dose to the female gonads during HSG (hysterosalpingography) is… (in mGy)
2.7 mGy
cardinal feature of endometrial hyperplasia without atypia is
increased gland to stromal ratio
(glands are variable in size and the stroma between is compacted)
cardinal feature of endometrial hyperplasia WITH atypia is
glands show ‘architectural complexity’ with NUCLEAR ATYPIA of the lining cells
individual cells are rounded and loss of normal perpendicular orientation to the basement membrane.
At what size of gestational sac SHOULD you be able to see a yolk sac?
12mm, but you may see it at 8 - 10mm, which is 5/40 - 5+3/40
