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Rad Tech School 2024 - 2026 > Imaging Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Imaging Chapter 1 Flashcards

(107 cards)

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1
Q

What is a Latent Image?

A

An image before processing

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2
Q

What is a Manifest Image?

A

The image seen after processing

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3
Q

What is an IR?

A

A device that receives the energy of the x-ray beam and forms the image of the body part

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4
Q

The protective housing is ____ and _____ the x-ray tube.

A

Lead Lined; encases

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5
Q

What is the purpose of the protective housing?

A

To provide mechanical support and protection from damage
To protect user from shock

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6
Q

Why do some tube housing contain oil?

A

To provide more insulation and a thermal cushion

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7
Q

What is the tube made of?

A

Pyrex glass

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8
Q

What is the housing designed to do?

A

limit the beam to exit through the window

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9
Q

Define off-focus radiation:

A

Radiation that occurs when x-rays are produced OUTSIDE focal spot

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10
Q

Define leakage radiation:

A

X-rays other than primary beam that escapes the tube housing

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11
Q

The Xray tube envelope can be made of ___ or ___.

A

Glass; metal

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12
Q

Why are x-ray tubes made of metal?

A

Metal can handle more heat
Metal reduces off-focus radiation

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13
Q

Why are x-ray tubes made of metal?

A

Metal can handle more heat
Metal reduces off-focus radiation

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14
Q

How big is the window/port?

A

5 cm

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15
Q

What does a glass envelope allow?

A

It allows ALL air to be removed for more efficient flow of electrons from cathode to anode

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16
Q

The whole cathode and anode must be encased within a ____?

A

Vacuum

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17
Q

An x-ray tube that contains two charged electrodes is called a :

A

Diode tube

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18
Q

the cathode is ____ charged.

A

Negatively

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19
Q

What are the two parts of the cathode?

A

Filament
Focusing cup

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20
Q

What is the filament made of?

A

Tungsten

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21
Q

What is the size range of the filament?

A

0.1 to 0.2 mm thick
1 to 2 mm wide
7 to 15 mm long

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22
Q

What is a tube with TWO filaments called?

A

Dual-focus tube

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23
Q

Which size focal spot gives better recorded detail?

A

Small

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24
Q

What is the focusing cup made of?

A

Nickel

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25
What is the purpose of the focusing cup?
To focus the stream of electrons
26
The anode is ____ charged?
Positively
27
What is apart of the anode?
Anode(target) Stator Rotor
28
What is the purpose of the anode target?
To decelerate and stop electrons in the tube current allowing the production of x-rays
29
Where is the stator?
Outside of the tube
30
What is the rotor made of?
Copper
31
What is the target angle range?
5 to 20 degrees
32
What is the purpose of the anode angle?
To help the x-ray photons exit the tube
33
What type of interactions are produced in the anode?
brem Characteristic
34
Brems Interactions diagnostic range:
30 to 150 kVp
35
In diagnostic imaging most interactions are _____:
Brem
36
Less than ___ kVp and ___% of x-ray beam consists of Brem interactions
70 kvp 100%
37
The only part of the X-ray tube that is located outside of the Pyrex glass is:
The stator
38
As wavelength of an xray increases, what happens to its frequency?
It decreases
39
What is the minimum rotation speed of the Anode?
3000 RPM
40
What interaction composes 100% of the x-ray tube beam if 70 kVp is used?
Brem
41
X-rays are classified as what type of radiation?
Electromagnetic
42
Biological changes caused by x-rays are the result of :
Ionization
43
______ Interactions cannot be produced at less than 70 kVp.
Characteristic
44
What is the distance between two wave crests of an electromagnetic wave called?
Wavelength
45
Above 70 kVp, ___ % are characteristic interactions.
15%
46
Below _____ kvp, there are no characteristic interactions.
70
47
Kilovoltage determines:
The speed of the electrons in the tube current
48
Miliamperage determines:
The number of electrons flowing per unit time
49
Exposure time and x-ray quantity are _____ proportional
Directly
50
What is exposure time?
The length of time x-rays are produced
51
Increasing exposure time, will ______ the total number of x-rays produced
Increase
52
What are the prime exposure factors?
Kilovoltage Miliamperage exposure time
53
As electrons strike the anode target, about ___% of the kinetic energy is converted into heat and ___ % is converted into x-rays.
99% 1%
54
What do generators do?
Convert low voltage to high voltage (kilovolts)
55
What are the three basic generators?
Single-phase Three-phase (6-12 pulses per cycle) High Frequency
56
What is the voltage range and voltage ripple for a single-phase generator?
Voltage range: peak to 0 Voltage ripple: 100%
57
What is the voltage ripple for a 6-pulse Three-phase generator?
13%
58
What is the voltage ripple for a 12-pulse three-phase generator?
4%
59
What is the most consistent type of generator?
High-frequency
60
What is the voltage ripple of a high-frequency generator?
Less than 1%
61
The most consistent the voltage applied to the tube, the ______ the quantity and energy level of the beam.
Greater
62
What is the meaning of beam quality?
The penetrability of an xray beam
63
High quality beams produce:
Harder xrays that penetrate more
64
Lower quality beams produce:
Softer xrays that penetrate less
65
What does the quantity of beam mean?
The number of photons in the beam
66
kVp affects:
Both quantity and quality
67
Higher kVp will produce _____ scatter radiation.
More
68
Why does kVp have more effect on any other exposure factor?
It affects beam quality and quantity
69
What is the main controlling factor of contrast?
KVp
70
What does mA determine?
The tube current
71
What is tube current?
The number of electrons flowing per unit time between cathode and anode
72
What does mA determine?
The number of electrons flowing in the tube and the quantity of x-rays produced
73
mA and quantity of electrons in tube current are ______ proportional.
Directly
74
What is the ONLY thing mA controls on a radiograph?
Density
75
Longer the exposure time, the ______ the quantity of electrons will flow
Greater
76
Time and mA are multiplied together to form:
mAs
77
What does mAs represent?
The total number of x-rays produced in a beam
78
An increase in mAs results in a ____ of density on a radiograph
Increase
79
a decrease in mAs results in a ______ in density on the radiograph.
Decrease
80
mAs and density are _____ proportional
Directly
81
mA x time =
mAs
82
mAs/s =
mA
83
mAs/mA=
S
84
The density produced on the radiograph will be equal for any combination of miliamperage and exposure time (mAs), as long as the product of mAs is equal.
Law of Reciprocity
85
Where the electrons actually bombard the target
Actual focal spot
86
Focal spot size as measured directly under the anode target
Effective focal spot size
87
The smaller the anode angle, the _____ the effective focal spot size
Smaller
88
Smaller effective focal spot size produces:
Better image quality
89
X-ray beam has a greater intensity (number of x-rays) on the _____ side
Cathode
90
There is a ____% difference in intensities
45
91
The Cathode end is placed over the ____ part to even out the density of a radiograph.
Thicker
92
the decrease of anode angle will _____ the anode heel effect. Therefore making an ____ relationship.
Increase; inverse
93
There are two types of total filtration. What are they?
Inherent Added
94
What type of filtration is added to the port of the x-ray tube?
Added
95
What type of filtration is permanently in the path of the x-ray beam?
Inherent
96
The sum of the added filtration and the inherent filtration:
Total filtration
97
Aluminum is a type of _____ filtration?
Added
98
The glass envelope, oil surrounding the tube, the mirror inside, and the collimators are all examples of what type of filtration?
Inherent
99
What is the government standard of total filtration?
Above 70 kVP minimum filtration of 2.5 mm of aluminum
100
What is the half-value layer(HVL)
The thickness of absorbing material necessary to reduce the x-ray intensity to half of its original value
101
HVL is expressed in:
Millimeter of aluminum (mm-Al)
102
What are compensating filters used for?
To alter beam intensity
103
What are two types of compensating filters?
Wedge and trough
104
What is the formula used to find heat units(HU)?
HU=mA x time x kVp x generator factor
105
What is the generator factor for a single phase generator?
1.00
106
What is the generator factor for a three phase generator?
1.35
107
What is the generator factor for a high frequency generator?
1.40

Rad Tech School 2024 - 2026 (9 decks)

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