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Imaging II > Imaging Final > Flashcards

Imaging Final Flashcards

(74 cards)

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1
Q

True or false:
Grids and collimation are not as important when it comes to image quality in the Digital world

A

False

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2
Q

True or false:
Exposure indicator values are used to monitor radiation exposure

A

True

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3
Q

What is APR?

A

Anatomically programmed radiography

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4
Q

What is the rule for fixed kVp system?

A

Rule: Double or half mAs for every 5cm of subject thickness

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5
Q

What is the rule for variable kVp system?

A

Rule: Adjust kVp 2 cm for every cm of subject thickness

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6
Q

For Deviation Index, the target range should be

A

-0.5 to +0.5

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7
Q

Establishing an Exposure Technique System in order:

A

Phantom Test Exposures
Theoretical Chart Extrapolation
Clinical Trial
Clinical Fine Tuning
Continuous Quality Assurance

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8
Q

True or False?
Higher kVp values are recommended with digital detectors

A

True

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9
Q

Increased resolution happens with a
Small focal spot size and
OID -______________
SID - ______________
time - ____________
MA-_____________

A

Decreased
Increased
Decreased
Increased

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10
Q

What is Diagnostic Acuity?

A

Clearness/ sharpness, ability to see detail

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11
Q

What is Detector Saturation?

A

Too much exposure

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12
Q

What are Target Exposure Indicators?

A

Guidance to baseline for acceptable image

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13
Q

What does DI stand for?

A

Deviation Index

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14
Q

+3 DI meaning?

A

Excessive overexposure

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15
Q
A
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16
Q

-1 DI meaning?

A

Underexposure

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17
Q

What is Diagnostic Yield?

A

the amount of clinically significant information produced

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18
Q

What is Diagnostic Efficacy?

A

Faithful representation of the patient on medical image

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19
Q

What is Image Fidelity?

A

A different way to express diagnostic yield and efficacy

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20
Q

List a con to fixed kVp systems

A

Increased scatter

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21
Q

List three pros to a fixed kVp system

A
  1. Decreased pt dose
  2. Provide more information
  3. Reduce tube wear
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22
Q

Digital exposure technique systems were created by

A

Ed c Jerman in the 1920´s

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23
Q

Computed radiography uses which of the following types of imaging plate?

A

Photostimulable Storage Phosphor

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24
Q

List the three image processing operations:

A
  1. Point processing
  2. Local processing
  3. Geometric processing
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25
True or false? Agfa systems use Log median exposure
True
26
Analog is:
Data of continuously varying electrical currents
27
Digital is:
Data of definite quantities of current
28
What is window width?
Range of shades of gray that will be displayed
29
What is Window level
The center of the window width and controls the brightness of an image
30
What is Narrow window width?
Higher contrast - fewer shades of gray
31
What is Kernal?
Mathematical calculations are applied to only a small group of pixels
32
True or False? Fuji, Konica, and Phillips use exposure indicator values and are inversely proportional to the exposure reaching the IR
False
33
True or False? Carestream (Kodak) uses EI numbers which are directly related to the exposure reaching the IR
True
34
DQE is the measurement of the sensitivity and accuracy by which the image receptor converts the incoming data to the output viewing device. Digital radiography has a DQE of what?
30-70%
35
What are the two different parts that make up the different spatial domains?
1. Spatial Frequency 2. Spatial location
36
What is the FOV determined by in diagnostic radiology
Size of detector
37
Spatial resolution is determined by what?
Pixel size
38
Number of shades of gray is determined by what?
Gray scale bit depth
39
Allows the system to find useful signals by locating minimum and maximum signals?
Histogram
40
Applied to the data that has the standard contrast for a specific exam to give the desired image contrast?
Look up table
41
Changes the contrast and brightness of an image on the monitor
Windowing
42
What year was CT first discovered and introduced?
1970´s
43
Digital radiography uses which of the following types of imaging plates. (more than one)
Charged Couple Device (CCD) And Amorphous silicon with a thin film transisitor
44
Grayscale bit depth ranges from _____ to ______ bits.
8 to 32
45
What are the different filters available in local processing?
Spatial frequency filtering High-pass filtering Low-pass filtering Spatial location filtering - convolution
46
Gray scale bit depth indicates how many __________ a pixel can be.
shades of gray
47
48
Why is binary machine language used?
faster, universal language
49
Why do you need to be careful when manipulating an image before it's saved to PACS?
Because once it's saved in PACS the radiologist can no longer see the original image. They can retouch the image further from what has already been done but they can't remove anything that has already been done. Or Loose information
50
True or False? The human visual range encompasses 32 or fewer shades of gray.
True
51
Radiologic technologist and the radiologists view images in which domain? Spatial location domain or Spatial Frequency domain
Spatial location domain
52
What does geometric processing allow technologists to do?
allows for rotation and magnification
53
Physicists and engineers extract information from which domain? Spatial location domain or Spatial frequency domain
Spatial frequency domain
54
Performed between the receipt of the input image from the IR and the output of the image on the monitor:
Point Processing
55
What does DICOM stand for?
Digital Imaging and Communication in Medicine
56
Which mathematical algorithm is applied to change an image from the spatial location domain to the spatial frequency domain
Fourier transformation, FT
57
What are the two symbols that make up binary code and which one means the current is on and which one means current is off?
0- off 1- on
58
How many bits are in a byte?
8
59
Which of the following are the two different Digital Imaging Systems?
CR and DR
60
True or False? Different manufacturers use different sensitivities and calibrates machines exactly the same so they are easy to compare.
False
61
Which of the following describes how an indirect conversion detector works.
Uses scintillator to convert xray photons to light and then a photodetector to convert light to electrical signal
62
Each sampled value is computed and assigned a discrete analog value:
Quantification
63
Analog values are measured at a chosen sampling frequency on the waveform:
Sampling
64
Series of boxes laid out in rows and columns that gives form to the image
Matrix
65
Individual boxes within the matrix:
Pixels or picture elements
66
Three dimensional data point:
Voxel or volume element
67
If you increase matrix size _________ pixel size and _________ spatial resolution
Decrease Increase
68
True or False? DICOM ensures that all equipment from manufacturers doesn't speak the same language and it also allows images to be transferred between institutions
False
69
What is used to convert binary language from analog to digital language?
analog-to-digital conversion
70
What does quantum mottle look like on an image?
Grainy
71
Organization that provides standards for interoperability that improve care delivery, workflow, and enhance knowledge is?
HL-7
72
Federal law requires that all communications concerning health-care information must have features to safeguard the identity and information:
HIPAA
73
Initiative that promotes the use of DICOM and HL-7 standards:
74
What is the main influencing factor of IR exposure?
kVp

Imaging II (2 decks)

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