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Lower Limb Anatomy > Imeducate > Flashcards

Imeducate Flashcards

1
Q

What actions happen at the subtalar joint

A

Inversion and eversion

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2
Q

What action does tibialis anterior do

A

Dorsiflexion of ankle
Inversion of foot

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3
Q

What does tibialis anterior help maintain

A

Medial longitudinal arch

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4
Q

How many heads do plantar interossei have

A

3

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5
Q

What nerve supplies plantar interossei

A

Lateral plantar nerve

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6
Q

Where does the long axis of plantar interossei lie

A

Long axis

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7
Q

What action do the plantar interossei have

A

Assist the lumbricals in extending the interphalangeal joints and
Flex the MTP joints

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8
Q

What are the pillars of the medial longitudinal arch of the foot

A

Tuberosity of calcaneous posteriorly
Heads of 3 metatarsal anteriorly

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9
Q

Which muscle tendons is the most important to maintain the medial longitudinal arch

A

Flexor hallucis longus

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10
Q

What is the origin of the femoral nerve

A

Posterior division of anterior rami of L2-L4

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11
Q

What nerves run in the adductor canal

A

Saphenous nerve
Nerve to vastus media

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12
Q

How does the femoral nerve enter the thigh

A

Deep to the inguinal ligament
Lateral to the artery
Outside the femoral sheath

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13
Q

Which cruciate ligament is stronger

A

PCL

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14
Q

Which cruciate ligament is main stabilising factor in weight bearing flexed knee

A

PCL

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15
Q

What does the lateral ligament attach

A

Fibula to talus
Fibula to calcaneus

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16
Q

What 3 ligaments make up the lateral ligament of the ankle

A

Anterior talofibular ligament
Posterior talofibular ligament
Calcaneofibular ligament

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17
Q

What 4 parts make up the medial ligament of the ankle (deltoid ligament)

A

Tabionavicular part
Tibiocalcaneal part
Anterior tibiotalar part
Posterior tibiotalar part

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18
Q

Which part of the deltoid (medial) ligament is triangular

A

The superficial part

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19
Q

Action of tibialis posterior

A

Invert and Adduct the forefoot
Plantar flex ankle (as it passes posterior to medial malleolus)
Contributed to medial longitudinal arch

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20
Q

What makes up the transverse arch of foot

A

Cuboid
Cuneiforms
Bases of metatarsal
Tendons of fibularis longus and tibialis posterior

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21
Q

First layer of the foot

A

Flexor digitorum brevis
Abductor hallucis
Abductor digiti minimi

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22
Q

Second layer of the foot

A

Tendon of flexor hallucis longus
Tendon of flexor digitorum longus
Quadratic plantae
Lumbricals

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23
Q

Third layer of the foot

A

Flexor hallucis brevis
Adductor hallucis
Flexor digitorum minimi brevis

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24
Q

Fourth layer

A

Interosseous muscles - dorsal and plantar
Tendon of peroneus longus
Tendon of tobilias posterior

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25
Q

How is the adductor canal bounded anteriorly and laterally

A

By the vastus medialis

26
Q

How is the adductor canal bound posteriorly

A

Adductors longus and Magnus

27
Q

What Medially binds the adductor canal

A

Sartorius

28
Q

Contents of adductor canal

A

Femoral artery
Femoral vein
Saphenous nerve
Nerve to vastus medialis

29
Q

Where does the femoral artery lie

A

Between the Saphenous nerve and femoral vein

30
Q

The bones of the medial longitudinal arch

A

Clacaneus
Talus
Navicular
3 cuneiforms and their 3 metatarsals

31
Q

Great Saphenous veins tributaries

A

Superficial circumflex iliac
Superficial epigastric
Superficial and deep external pudendal

32
Q

Branches of the femoral artery

A

Superficial epigastric
Superficial circumflex iliac
Superficial external pudendal
Deep external pudendal
Profunda femoris
Superior genicular
Muscular

33
Q

Contents of lesser sciatic foramen

A

Internal pudendal artery
Internal pudendal vein
Pudendal nerve
Tendon of obturator internus
Nerve to obturator internus

34
Q

Which nerve enters the gluteal region via the greater sciatic foramen

A

Sciatic
Posterior cutaneous nerve to thigh
Superior gluteal
Inferior gluteal
Nerve to quadratus femoris

35
Q

Which nerves exit the pelvis via the greater sciatic foramen and enter the perineum through the lesser sciatic foramen

A

Pudendal
Nerve to obturator internus

36
Q

Contents of the femoral triangle from lateral to medial

A

Terminal part of the femoral nerve and it’s branches
Femoral sheath
Femoral artery and it’s branches
Femoral veins and its tributaries
Femoral canal - containing deep inguinal lymph nodes and lymphatic vessels

37
Q

Superior boundary of femoral triangle

A

Inguinal ligament

38
Q

Medial border of femoral triangle

A

Medial border of adductor longus

39
Q

Lateral border of femoral triangle

A

Medial border of Sartorius

40
Q

Floor of femoral triangle

A

Laterally by iliopsoas
Medially by pectineus and adductor longus

41
Q

Roof of femoral triangle

A

Fascia lata

42
Q

Which bones make up the lateral longitudinal arch

A

Calcaneous
Cuboid
Lateral 2 metatarsals

43
Q

Nerve that supplies skin over the femoral triangle

A

Genito femoral

44
Q

Describe the transverse ligament

A

Intra capsular
Slender fibrous band that joins anterior edges of menisci
Crossing the anterior intercondylar are
Tethering the menisci to each other during knee movement

45
Q

Describe the arcuate popliteal ligament

A

Y shaped, from the posterior border of the intercondylar area of tibia and the lateral epicondyle of femur to the area below the head of the fibula

46
Q

Describe the obliques popliteal ligament

A

Extension of semimebranosus, attached above the lateral condyle of femur
Forms floor of popliteal fossa and is in contact with popliteal artery

47
Q

What lies deep to the superior extensor retinaculum

A

Tendons of tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis longus, extensor digitorum longus, peroneus tertius (medial to lateral)
Anterior tibial artery
Deep peroneal nerve

48
Q

Origin of popliteus

A

Lateral surface of lateral condyle of femur and lateral muscles

49
Q

Action of popliteus

A

Unlocks the knee in full extension

50
Q

Innervation of popliteus

A

Innervated by tibial nerve

51
Q

Insertion of popliteus

A

Posterior surface of tibia, superior to Soleal line

52
Q

Origin of tibialis posterior

A

Interosseous membrane of tibia and fibula
Below the origin of soleus

53
Q

3 muscles that insert into the greater trochanter

A

Obturator externus
Superior gemellus
Piriformis

54
Q

What is the main nerve of the lateral compartment of the leg

A

Superficial fibular nerve

55
Q

What is the function of the lumbricals of the foot

A

Flex proximal phalanges
Extend middle and distal phalanges of lateral 4 toes

56
Q

What is the function of flexor digitorum brevis

A

Flexión of lateral 4 toes

57
Q

What is the function of dorsal interossei of foot

A

Abducts digits 2-4 and flex MTPJs

58
Q

What is the function of plantar interossei of the fee

A

Adduct digits 3-5 and flex MTPJs

59
Q

What nerve supplies the long head of biceps femoris

A

Tibial division of sciatic nerve

60
Q

What is the nerve supply of the short head of bicep femoris

A

Common fibular division of the sciatic nerve

Lower Limb Anatomy (4 decks)

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