Immigration

Question 1

What factors pulled people from the Caribbean to come to Britain?

Answer 1

Britain was the motherland, better education system, British Nationality Act (1948), success of previous immigrants, job opportunities in the NHS & London transport, looking for an adventure, British culture & history, 10,000 West Indian troops who had served in the Bristish armed forces stayed to work in Britain.

Question 2

How many immigrants from the West Indies arrived in Britain in 1954?

Answer 2

24,000

Question 3

By 1960, how many immigrants from the Caribbean were in Britain?

Answer 3

125,000

Question 4

What was the British Nationality Act?

Answer 4

An act designed to encourage immigration in 1948. It allowed all citizens of the former empire unrestricted access to Britain.

Question 5

What was the name of the Kenyan Priminister?

Answer 5

Jomo Kenyatta

Question 6

In what year did the Kenyan Priminister give the Kenyan Asians a choice to stay or leave?

Answer 6

1967

Question 7

What choice did the Kenyan Priminister give the Kenyan Asians?

Answer 7

They either had to become Kenyan citizens in 2 years or leave

Question 8

How many Kenyan Asians fled to Britian in the late 1960s?

Answer 8

20,000

Question 9

In what year did the Ugandan President order the Ugandan Asians to leave?

Answer 9

1972

Question 10

What was the name of the Ugandan President?

Answer 10

Idi Amin

Question 11

How long did the Ugandan President give the Ugandan Asians to leave?

Answer 11

90 days

Question 12

What did the Ugandan Presidents second decree state?

Answer 12

All Ugandan Asian professionals (e.g. Doctors) must stay in Uganda and if they try to leave they will be committing treason.

Question 13

What did Britain offer the exiled Ugandan Asians?

Answer 13

The choice of a British or Indian passport and the opportunity to come and live in Britain

Question 14

How many Ugandan Asians arrived in Britain in the early 1970s?

Answer 14

27,000

Question 15

In what year did India gain independence?

Answer 15

1947

Question 16

What year was the ‘keep Britain white’ campaign started?

Answer 16

1959

Question 17

What problems did immigrants face with housing in Britain?

Answer 17

Banks & building societies wouldn’t give them loans or mortgages, local authorities said they had to live in Britain for 5 years before they could receive council housing, they were exploited by landlords, e.g. Peter Rachman in West London, who charged high rent for substandard accommodation

Question 18

What problems did immigrants face with work in Britain?

Answer 18

Trade unions thought that they were taking British jobs, they found it hard to get promoted, they mostly worked in low paid jobs, in 1958 the trade union congress passed a resolution calling for an end to all immigrant workers entering the country, and in the midlands white workers demanded separate toilet facilities from the Sikh workers

Question 19

Why did transport workers go on strike in 1955?

Answer 19

They were complaining about the increasing numbers of immigrant workers.

Question 20

In what year was the Commonwealth Immigrants Act introduced?

Answer 20

1962

Question 21

What was the Commowealth Immigrants Act?

Answer 21

It introduced a voucher system which restricted immigration to people who had a valuable skill or could do a job where there was a labour shortage.

Question 22

In what year did the Labour government restrict the immigration quota to 8,500 per year?

Answer 22

1964

Question 23

In what year was the Race Relations Act passed?

Answer 23

1965

Question 24

What did the Race Relations Act do?

Answer 24

It made it illegal to discriminate on the grounds of race or colour

Question 25

In what year was the Race Realtions Board set up?

Answer 25

1966

Question 26

Why was the Race Realtions Board set up?

Answer 26

To handle complaints about discrimination, but it had few powers and was limited in its impact

Question 27

In what year was the National Front Party formed?

Answer 27

1967

Question 28

What did the National Front Party call for the end of?

Answer 28

Immigration, for immigrants to be sent back to their country of origin and for the separation of white and immigrant communities

Question 29

In what year was the Commonwealth Immigrants Act updated?

Answer 29

1968

Question 30

What did the second Commonwealth Immigrants Act do?

Answer 30

It limited immigration vouchers to 1,500 per year. It also introduced a ‘close connections’ clause that restricted entry to Commonwealth citizens who held a British passport and were born in Britain, or whose parents or grandparents were born in Britain.

Question 31

In what year did Enoch Powell make his ‘rivers of blood’ speech?

Answer 31

1968

Question 32

What did Enoch Powells speech lead to?

Answer 32

He was sacked by conservative leader Edward Heath, the Labour government passed a new Race Relations Act which made it illegal to discriminate on the basis of race or colour in employment and housing, there were demonstrations in support of him in London and other areas.

Question 33

In what year did the government pass the Race Equality Act?

Answer 33

1976

Question 34

What did the Race Equality Act do?

Answer 34

It made it illegal to make racially offensive comments or publish racially offensive material and it set up the commission for Racial Equality to investigate claims of racism.

Question 35

What were the push factors that prompted people from the Caribbean to move to Britain?

Answer 35

Jamaica was ‘backwater’ nothing was happening, the collapse of the sugar trade, lack of tourism, unemployment, hurricanes in 1944 & 1951, immigration to the USA had been cut back.

Question 36

Why did many people leave the borders between Muslim Pakistan and Hindu India?

Answer 36

Because of religious violence

Question 37

Why did many Asian people move to Britain?

Answer 37

There were better opportunities, religious violence and the building of the Mirpur dam meant that people had to be resettled

Question 38

What happened in Nottingham in 1958?

Answer 38

Violent clashes between black and white youths broke in to large scale fighting. Nottingham was home to 2,500 Caribbeans and 600 Asians. It lead to MPs calling for an end to immigration and new laws which allowed deportation.

Question 39

What happened in Notting Hill in September in 1958?

Answer 39

Gangs of Teddy boys attacked Caribbean people and their homes using petrol bombs. On the 3rd night the black population fought back. It was condenmed by the press and politicians.

Question 40

What was the Metropolitan police’s response to the Notting Hill violence?

Answer 40

They didn’t do anything until the immigrants retaliated, then they got involved.

Question 41

What was 1 positive outcome from the Notting Hill riots?

Answer 41

British people sided with the immigrants because they thought the teddy boys were wrong to attack them.

Question 42

How many people were arrested in Notting Hill during the 1958 riots?

Answer 42

140

Question 43

What caused the Notting Hill riots?

Answer 43

Increasing tension between the locals and the immigrants because jobs were scarcer and some white people blamed immigrants for taking their jobs. The police weren’t doing anything to help the immigrants, so they took the matter into their own hands and retaliated.

Question 44

Who were the first immigrants to arrive from Asia?

Answer 44

Eurasians - educated, middle-class people who had intermarried during the British 200 year rule over India, most were Christian.

Question 45

Why did the Sihks come to Britain?

Answer 45

They were a minority religious group compared to the Hindus and Muslims. In their area of Punjab there was lots of religious violence they saw Britain as peaceful and stable.

Question 46

Why did the Indian and Pakistani immigrants come to Britian in the late 1950s and 1960s?

Answer 46

To fill the labour shortage, for economic reasons

Question 47

What prompted more immigrants from the Indian sub-continent to come to Britain?

Answer 47

At first, most immigrants were planning to send the money they earned home or take it back with themselves. However, in time they decided to settle which prompted more immigrants to come because they now had contacts in Britain who could help them find work and housing.

Question 48

Why is the arrival of Emipre Windrush in Britian so significant?

Answer 48

It wasn’t the first ship to arrived on the British shores with immigrants that was ‘ormonde’ in 1947, immigration from the Caribbean was tiny compared to that of Ireland and Europe and the rush of immigrants from the Caribbean didn’t start until the 1950s. But it was brought to the attention of the public by the media and they were met by a small crowd holding signs saying “go home” so it is seen as the start to post-war immigration.