Immigration and language- global English Flashcards
(25 cards)
What is global English
the simplified, universally understandable version of the English language used for international communication.
What was Jenkins Diasporas theory?
Diasporas- a group of people who have migrated away from their original homeland but maintain their cultural and ethnic connections
-The different pockets of English were taken away from its original setting and other versions of it were created
eg- American English
Jenkins proposed 2 diasporas, what were the one with large groups?
In the 1700s English spread from British isles to America, Canada, australia, and New Zealand. English speakers settled in large groups and established new L1 varieties of english
Jenkins proposed 2 diasporas, what were the one with smaller groups?
Smaller groups of english speakers settled in areas of Africa, and South Asia due to colonisation (taking over). English was used for communication amongst the locals in this area therefore english was used as a lingua franca and often adopted as a second language
What is Pidgins language?
-Language used by non-native speakers which would arise because of the need of a lingua franca
-Non-native speakers have to adopt this language fast in order to trade and other things
-therefore it becomes a simplified grammatical system with limited vocab and littered with words from the original language
What is Creoles language?
-a language used by native speakers
-when a pidgin language becomes a native language. If a child learns a pidgin language as a first language it’s being used by natives therefore it’s a native language
What are Pidgen and Creole languages proof of?
They’re proof that the English language is constantly changing and adapting to the needs of its speakers
What are creoles in the context of both people and language
groups and languages that emerged from a mix of european and black descent
How did aspects of Jamaican English become embedded in English culture?
-Late 1940s lots of people from the Caribbean arrived in UK
-new forms of English heard in urban areas
-Came to be called Jamaican English even though not all arrivals were from Jamaica —> accent bias
How did the contact between jamaican English and white people grow?
-1960s contact between Jamaican English and white young people inc at work and school meaning people of diff ethnic backgrounds were exposed to each other’s varieties of english
What did the contact between Jamaican English and white people lead to?
-crossing.. it was evident as white people used more traditional lang with white friends but shifted into a lexis influences by Jamaican English when with black friends
Give an example of Jamaican English
-Use of nonstandard English eg. mi run
What is multicultural london English
a dialect that emerged in multicultural areas of London, primarily among young people
While based on cockney it includes a blend of linguistic features from various languages and accents, including Jamaican, African English,
Give characteristics of MLE
incorporates a significant amount of slang, including words like “fam,” “ends,” “blood,” and “wagwan
-MLE is spoken by a wide range of young people in London, particularly those from multicultural backgrounds, and its use has spread beyond the city into other urban areas across the UK
What is code switching?
changing one’s language or dialect when interacting with others to suit the social context, audience, or situation
How does Krachu’s concentric circle model 1992 describe global English?
-said it was split into 3
expanding circle= eng used to communicate with speakers of other languages for business etc (lingua franca)
outer circle= eng used as a second language (Pidgeon and Creole)
inner circle= eng is used as a first language
What is a criticism of Krachus circle model?
The term ‘inner circle’ can be seen to imply linguistic superiority suggesting they’re VIPs
How does Mcarthurts spider describe global English?
(place)
-grouped types of English by place (eg American English)
-said English has spread through colonization hence why you can group varieties of English based on where people are from
-shows all are of equal value
What is a criticism of Mcarthurts spider model?
Its oversimplistic as it does not consider English as a second language or people who can speak little english
How does Modianios oval describe global English?
-shows learners and natives will look to proficient (skilled) English speakers to learn and they will teach them
-recognizes that language is constantly changing and is not set
What is a criticism of Modianios oval model?
proficiency is just a concept therefore we cannot measure it
How does Schneiders arrows describe global English?
-illustrates how language evolves and spreads and how it becomes global
-foundation- country colonized by England
-exonormative stabilization- English becomes stable in the country
-nativization- language starts to change
-endonormative stabilization- language is accepted
-differentiation- varieties of language evolve= dialects
What is a criticism of Schneiders arrow model?
step 5 suggests thats the final and language is set which is not true as its constantly changing
