Immune and lymphatic systems Module 6

Question 1

3 types of microbes

Answer 1

Eukaryotes
Prokaryotes
Acellular

Question 2

Eukaryotes

Answer 2

Multicellular with a complex cell structure and genetic material includes DNA and RNA. e.g animals, plants

Question 3

Prokaryotes

Answer 3

mostly unicellular (one cell),
have a simple cell structure have DNA and RNA e.g bacteria

Question 4

Acellular

Answer 4

Genetic material such as DNA or RNA surrounded by a protein. obligate intracellular parasites. e.g viruses

Question 5

Pathogens

Answer 5

Microbes that cause sickness and disease.

Question 6

Normal flora

Answer 6

Microbes that normally live in/on the human body.

Question 7

Places where normal flora is located the body.

Answer 7

All exterior openings to the body e.g skin

Question 8

Transient flora

Answer 8

Microbes that come and go from the body, are not permanent.

Question 9

Immune system

Answer 9

a functional system based on lots of different. cell, proteins and particles.

Question 10

Two components of the immune system

Answer 10

Innate immunity

Adaptive immunity

Question 11

Innate immunity

Answer 11

1st and 2nd line of defences which protect or fight against any foreign antigen.

Question 12

Adaptive immunity

Answer 12

3rd line of defence which fights against specific foreign antigens.

Question 13

Antigen

Answer 13

identifying a molecule on the surface on the cell of an organism.

Question 14

Two types of antigens

Answer 14

Self antigens

Foreign antigens

Question 15

Self antigens

Answer 15

Any antigens on your own cells.

Question 16

Foreign antigens

Answer 16

Any antigens not normally found in your body cells.

Question 17

Mechanisms of 1st line defence

Answer 17

mucous membrane

skin

Question 18

Mechanisms of 2nd line defence

Answer 18

inflammations
Natural killer cells 
antimicrobial proteins
fever
phagocytosis

Question 19

1st line defences

Answer 19

Physical barrier and chemical barrier.

Question 20

2nd line defences

Answer 20

If mucous membranes are breached then mechanisms are activated

Question 21

phagocytosis

Answer 21

macrophages engulf foreign material

Question 22

NK cells

Answer 22

Destroy foreign antigens

Question 23

Inflammation

Answer 23

Localised response to tissue damage or foreign antigens.

Question 24

Fever

Answer 24

systemic response to infection by a foreign antigen.

Question 25

Antimicrobial proteins

Answer 25

Proteins that enhance immune responses.

Question 26

two parts of adaptive immunity

Answer 26

humoral immunity | Cell mediated immunity

Question 27

Humoral immunity

Answer 27

activation of b lymphocytes

Question 28

Cell mediated immunity

Answer 28

activation of t lymphocytes

Question 29

T helper cells

Answer 29

Activate B cells, other T cells and innate immunity. B cell then produces two daughter cells.

Question 30

Daughter cells of the B cells

Answer 30

memory B cell | Plasma B cell

Question 31

Plasma B cells

Answer 31

Make antibodies which have the same receptor for the foreign antigen.

Question 32

Memory B cells

Answer 32

remain in circulation after infection. Can launch secondary attacks on foreign antigen.

Question 33

Antibodies

Answer 33

can inactivate bind mark foreign antigen for destruction.

Question 34

T cytotoxic cells

Answer 34

destroy foreign antigen and infected body cells.

Question 35

T regulatory cells

Answer 35

Regulate the activity of the T cytotoxic cells so they stay on target.

Question 36

T memory cells

Answer 36

Remain in circulation after infection. Can launch secondary attacks on foreign antigen.

Question 37

Lymphatic system

Answer 37

Structural system closed circuit for instititual fluid.

Question 38

Lymphatic vasculature

Answer 38

Lymph vessels in the body

Question 39

Lymph capillaries

Answer 39

pick up instititial fluid in the body found in connective tissues.

Question 40

Lymph vessels

Answer 40

Pick up fluid that is left over from your blood and dumps it back into there blood.

Question 41

Lymph nodes

Answer 41

- filters lymph | - deals with infection of foreign bodies by activating the immune system.

Question 42

Lymph organs

Answer 42

Tonsils thymus spleen

Question 43

Tonsils

Answer 43

Destroys airborne pathogens. Destroy food borne pathogens Destroy waterborne pathogens.

Question 44

Thymus

Answer 44

T lymphocytes mature

Question 45

Spleen

Answer 45

Filters blood Lymphocytes proliferation Store RBC breakdown products