Immune/Hypersensitivity 3- Mini exam 3 (09/08)

Question 1

exposure to the infectious agent occurs through infection and immunity is acquired

Answer 1

natural active immunity

Question 2

exposure to the infections agents is injected as a weak or injured antigen (vaccination) and immunity is acquired

Answer 2

passive active immunity

Question 3

acquired by a child through placenta and breast milk causing temporary immunity

Answer 3

natural passive immunity

Question 4

injection to suppress symptoms or give temporary immunity

Answer 4

artificial passive immunity

Question 5

name for type 1 hypersensitivity

Answer 5

allergic reaction

Question 6

name for type 2 hypersensitivity

Answer 6

cytotoxic hypersensitivity

Question 7

name for type 3 hypersensitivity

Answer 7

immune complex hypersensitivity

Question 8

name for type 4 hypersensitivity

Answer 8

cell mediated delayed hypersensitivity

Question 9

allergic reaction

Answer 9

exposure to allergen produces IgE. These antibodies attach to mast cells which are in connective tissues and release histamine upon activation causing inflammation
presents symptoms like rash, runny and itchy nose etc

Question 10

cytotoxic hypersensitivity

Answer 10

caused by IgG antibodies reacting with antigen causing destruction of the cell. Seen in improper blood transfusion

Question 11

immune complex hypersensitivity

Answer 11

antigen and antibody form a complex that is deposited on tissue (often blood vessel walls) which causes inflammation and tissue destruction. Seen in rheumatoid arthritis and glomerulonephritis

Question 12

cell mediated/delayed hypersensitivity

Answer 12

delayed response of T lymphocytes resulting in a release of lymphokines that cause inflammation and destruction of the antigen. Seen in the TB skin test, also organ transplant rejection

Question 13

anaphylaxis

Answer 13

a severe response to an allergen in which the symptoms develop quickly, and without help, the patient can die within a few minutes

Question 14

autoimmune disorder

Answer 14

any of a large group of diseases characterized by a condition in which the immune system produces antibodies against its own tissues

Question 15

systemic lipid erythematosus

Answer 15

chronic disease of the connective tissue that injures the skin, joints, kidneys, nervous system, and mucous membranes. May produce a characteristic red, scaly butterfly rash across the cheeks and nose

Question 16

systemic lupis erythematous physiology

Answer 16

characterized by a large number of antibodies circulating defending against DNA, platelets, erythrocytes, nucleic acids and other nucleic materials. treat w prednisone

Question 17

cell mediated response

Answer 17

cytotoxic (killer) T cells defend against infection in body cells

Question 18

humoral response

Answer 18

antibodies defend against infection in body fluids

Question 19

IgG

Answer 19

75% most common, activates complement, antibody activity against toxins, viruses and bacteria, passive immunity in newborns via placental transfer, produced in primary and secondary immune responses

Question 20

IgA

Answer 20

15% concentrated in bodily secretions such as breastmilk, tears, and saliva

Question 21

IgM

Answer 21

10% 1st immunoglobulin to proliferate in immune response, bound to B lymphocytes, activates complement

Question 22

IgD

Answer 22

0.2% bound to and activates B cells

Question 23

IgE

Answer 23

0.004% bound to mast cells in skin and mucous membranes, stimulates mast cell release of histamine in allergic immune response, leading to inflammation

Question 24

antigen

Answer 24

foreign substance, microbes or component of the cell that stimulates immune response

Question 25

antibody

Answer 25

specific protein produced in humoral response to bind with antigen

Question 26

autoantibody

Answer 26

antibodies against self antigen; attacks body's own tissues

Question 27

neutrophils

Answer 27

wbc in inflammatory process (nonspecific)

Question 28

basophils

Answer 28

wbc that bind to IgE and release histamine

Question 29

eosinophils

Answer 29

wbc involved in allergic response and defense against pathogens

Question 30

monocytes

Answer 30

wbc that migrate from blood to tissues and become macrophages

Question 31

macrophages

Answer 31

performs phagocytosis

Question 32

mast cells

Answer 32

release chemical mediates such as histamine in connective tissue

Question 33

B lymphocyte

Answer 33

forms in bone marrow, humoral immunity, activated cell becomes an antibody producing plasma cell or a B memory cell

Question 34

plasma cells

Answer 34

develop from activated B cells and secrete antibodies

Question 35

T lymphocytes

Answer 35

forms in thymus, wbc: cell mediated immunity

Question 36

cytotoxic T cells

Answer 36

directly destroy cells carrying the antigen

Question 37

Helper T cells

Answer 37

activate B and T cells, control specific immune response

Question 38

memory T cells

Answer 38

remember antigen and quickly stimulate immune response on reexposure

Question 39

natural killer cells

Answer 39

a type of white blood cell that can kill tumor cells and virus-infected cells; an important component of innate immunity

Question 40

nosocomial infection

Answer 40

hospital acquired infection (10-15% of patients)

Question 41

direct contact transmission

Answer 41

touching a lesion, sexual activity, infected blood or secretions

Question 42

indirect contact transmission

Answer 42

involves object or organsim; contaminated food or hand

Question 43

droplet transmission

Answer 43

respiratory or saliva secretions expelled from infected individual

Question 44

aerosol transmission

Answer 44

involves small particles from respiratory tract that can travel far because they are suspended in the air

Question 45

vector-borne transmission

Answer 45

insect or animal in an intermediate host

Question 46

wbc

Answer 46

(white blood cells) leukocytes, cells fight infections by attacking bacteria, viruses, and germs that invade the body. White blood cells originate in the bone marrow

Question 47

phagocytosis

Answer 47

cleans up debris and engulfs antigens and presents them for immune response

Question 48

where do B lymphocytes form

Answer 48

the bone marrow

Question 49

where do T lymphocytes form

Answer 49

thymus

Question 50

What immunoglobin is present earliest during primary exposure to a specific antigen? - IgG - IgM - IgA - IgE

Answer 50

IgM

Question 51

What are T memory cells for... - form antibodies - kill antigens - stop the immune response when no longer needed - recognize an antigen from a previous encounter

Answer 51

recognize an antigen from a previous encounter

Question 52

Which of the following blood types can a person with type O receive? (select all that apply) - a - b - ab - o

Answer 52

-o

Question 53

Which blood types can a person with type A blood receive? (can be multiple) - a - b - ab - o

Answer 53

- a | - o

Question 54

Which type of sensitivity occurs if a person has SLE? - type 1 - type 2 - type 3 - type 4

Answer 54

-type 3

Question 55

Antibodies are the same as immunoglobulins? T/F?

Answer 55

TRUE

Question 56

What microorganism causes AIDS? - Pneumocystis fungus - Human Immune Virus - AIDS bacteria - HIV bacteria

Answer 56

human immune virus

Question 57

which of the following are symptoms of SLE? (select all that apply) - arthritis - seizures - anaphylaxis - renal disorders

Answer 57

- arthritis - seizures - renal disorders

Question 58

antibodies can destroy antigens by causing them to clump. What is the correct term for this? - precipitation - agglutination - opsonization - antigen presenting

Answer 58

-agglutination

Question 59

the kinds of immunity that protects a baby for a short amount of time after birth is.. - humoral immunity - natural active immunity - artificial passive immunity - natural passive immunity

Answer 59

natural passive immunity

Question 60

which type of hypersensitivity involves IgG combining with the antigen to form an immune complex that destroys tissue? - Type 1 - Type 2 - Type 3 - Type 5

Answer 60

type 3

Question 61

B cells are a part of the cell-mediated immune system. T/F?

Answer 61

False

Question 62

A patient has been stung by a bee and has swollen lips. Which kind of hypersensitivity is this? - Type 1 - Type 2 - Type 3 - Type 4

Answer 62

type 1

Question 63

What kind of immunity does someone get if they had chickenpox? - natural active - natural passive - cell mediated immunity - natural immunity

Answer 63

natural active immunity

Question 64

HIV is considered a prolonged latent virus. This means.. - There can be long periods of infection before the disease appears - HIV is very deadly and has no cure - HIV uses retrovirus to insert itself into our DNA - There is a short period of time between HIV and a positive ELISA test

Answer 64

there can be long periods of infection before the disease appears

Question 65

What target of hypersensitivity causes a persons tolerance to his/her own antigens to break down? - alloimmunity - allergic reaction - autoimmunity - antigenicity

Answer 65

autoimmunity

Question 66

a child is stung by a bee and developed hives. Which immunoglobulin is responsible for this allergic response? - IgM - IgA - IgG - IgE

Answer 66

IgE

Question 67

What is the name of the cell that assists in humoral immunity and stimulates antibody production? - MHC - B cells - T cells - Mast cells

Answer 67

B-cells

Question 68

What microorganisms must work within the cell's environment? - Virus - Parasite - Fungus - Bacteria

Answer 68

virus

Question 69

What kind of T cell discontinues the immune response? - cytotoxic - helper - memory - supressor

Answer 69

supressor

Question 70

What immunoglobulin dominates the secondary immune response? - IgA - IgM - IgG - IgE

Answer 70

IgG

Question 71

``` Which is associated with cell-mediated immunity? ~B-lymphocytes ~T-lymphocytes ~Antibodies ~Plasma cells ```

Answer 71

T-lymphocytes

Question 72

Receiving an anti-venom (antiserum) when experiencing a venomous snake bite is artificial passive immunity. T/F?

Answer 72

TRUE

Question 73

The immune system is the... - First defense - Second defense - Third defense

Answer 73

Third defense

Question 74

The skin is the... - First defense - Second defense - Third defense

Answer 74

First defense

Question 75

The process of inflammation is.. - first defense - second defense - third defense

Answer 75

Second defense

Question 76

Antibodies... (can select multiple) - help determine blood type - play a role in immunity - have two kinds: self and non-self - come into the cell to cause an infection

Answer 76

- Help determine blood type - Play a role in immunity - Have two kinds: self and non-self

Question 77

The immune defense system is characterized by two of the following.. (can select multiple) - specificity - memory - immunology - antigens

Answer 77

- specificity | - memory

Question 78

Antigen-presenting cells are also known as... - memory T-cells - helper T-cells - B-cells - Dendritic cells

Answer 78

dendritic cells

Question 79

Type 1 hypersensitivity is... - where an antigen is present on the cell membrane EX incompatible blood - where an antigen and antibody combine and form inflammatory complexes - allergic reactions - a delayed response by T-lymphocytes EX:TB test sensitivity

Answer 79

allergic reactions

Question 80

Type 2 hypersensitivity is... - where an antigen is present on the cell membrane EX incompatible blood - where an antigen and antibody combine and form inflammatory complexes - allergic reactions - a delayed response by T-lymphocytes EX TB test sensitivity

Answer 80

Where an antigen is present on the cell membrane. EX: incompatible blood

Question 81

Type 3 hypersensitivity is... - where an antigen is present on the cell membrane EX incompatible blood - where an antigen and antibody combine and form inflammatory complexes - allergic reactions - a delayed response by T-lymphocytes EX TB test sensitivity

Answer 81

Where an antigen and antibody combine and form inflammatory complexes

Question 82

Type 4 hypersensitivity is... - where an antigen is present on the cell membrane EX incompatible blood - where an antigen and antibody combine and form inflammatory complexes - allergic reactions - a delayed response by T-lymphocytes EX TB test sensitivity

Answer 82

a delayed response by T-Lymphocytes EX TB test sensitivity

Question 83

Which of the following is NOT a mode of transmission - contact - direct - indirect - vector

Answer 83

contact

Question 84

Which of the following is NOT a diagnostic test we talked about? - culture and staining techniques - blood tests - immunologic testing of body fluids - skin tests

Answer 84

skin test