immune responce

Question 1

2 types of immune responce ?

Answer 1

innate and adaptive

Question 2

which is first?

Answer 2

innate

Question 3

what is the first cell type ?

Answer 3

pluripotent hematopiethic stem cells in bone marrow

Question 4

what two paths can pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells take ?

Answer 4

common lymphoid progen or myeroid

Question 5

what do common lymphoid porgen turn into ?

Answer 5

T, B and NK , AND DENTITIC

Question 6

what do common myeroid progen turn into ?

Answer 6

macrophages (neutorphils ,eosinophils, mast cells, monocytes) or erythrocytes

Question 7

what are the primary immune tissues?

Answer 7

thymus and bone marrow

Question 8

what are the secondary immune tissues?

Answer 8

spleen, lymph nodes adenoids and tonsils

Question 9

3 main steps in infection time line ?

Answer 9

establish infection ( fights with innate), induction of adaptive, adaptive

Question 10

what are B cells activated by ?

Answer 10

antigen and t cells, to get a full response need cytokines and receptor activation

Question 11

3 main ways antibodies can kill pathogen?

Answer 11

neutralisation, opsonisation and complement activation

Question 12

what happens in neutralisation?

Answer 12

prevents adhesion to cells

Question 13

what happens in opsonisation?

Answer 13

promotes phagocytosis

Question 14

what happens in complement activation?

Answer 14

enhances opsonisation and lyse bacterial protein punches membrane

Question 15

how are unique antibodies produced?

Answer 15

conbination of diff genetic sections - diff protein receptor
and somatic hypermutation- specific changes to binding pocket

Question 16

classes of antibodies ?

Answer 16

IgG, IgA, IgD, IgE, IgM

Question 17

where is IgG found ?

Answer 17

bloodstream , can cross placenta

Question 18

IgA found?

Answer 18

mucosa

Question 19

IgE found?

Answer 19

inflammation and allergy response

Question 20

what are the cd4+ subsets?

Answer 20

T helper 1) helps with anitbody porduction and presistant infections ,
T helper 2) also anitbody but IgE too
T helper 17) neutrophil and inflammatory and extracellular bac
Regulatory T cells

Question 21

when is MHC1 cell response activated?

Answer 21

intracellular proteins, viruses, present to CD8+ t cells

Question 22

when is MHC2 cell responce activated?

Answer 22

extracellular proteins, bacteria, present to CD4+ t cells

Question 23

what does MHC stand for?

Answer 23

major histome compatibility complex

Question 24

examples of anitgen presenting cells?

Answer 24

B, dendritic cells and macrophages

Question 25

which cell doesn't recognise the 3d structure of a pathogen protein ?

Answer 25

T cells- only recognise epitopes deep within the coded protein

Question 26

what do secondary receptors do?

Answer 26

prevent non specific activation and make its safer

Question 27

what influences immune response?

Answer 27

route of infection

Question 28

two types of antigenic mutations ?

Answer 28

drift and shift

Question 29

what happens in drift?

Answer 29

point mutations cause changes to the dna , possibly the receptor

Question 30

what happens in shift?

Answer 30

two strains of similar infections swap genetic material cause drastic changes in DNA and possibly receptor