Immune Response

Question 1

What are the first line of defenses

Answer 1

Skin
mucous membrane
secretions
gastric acid
major histocompatibility complex

Question 2

What are the cellular defenses

Answer 2

Neutrophils
Basophils
Eosinophils
Monocytes

Question 3

Respond to a bacterial infection (pyogenic infection), acute
inflammation, heart attack, or burn

Answer 3

Neutrophils

Question 4

The substances include histamine, heparin, and other chemicals
used in the inflammatory response.

Answer 4

Basophils

Question 5

Respond to parasitic infection, allergic reaction, cancer

Answer 5

Eosinophils

Question 6

Remove foreign material from the body, including
pathogens, debris from dead cells, and necrotic tissue from injury sites

Answer 6

Monocytes

Question 7

is the local reaction of the body to
invasion or injury. Any insult to the body that
injures cells or tissues sets off a series of events
and chemical reactions.

Answer 7

Inflammatory response

Question 8

Four inflammatory response

Answer 8

a．Kinin System
b．Histamine Release
c．Chemotaxis
d．Clinical Presentation

Question 9

Five (5) Different Types of Immunoglobulins

Answer 9

IgM
IgA
IgD
IgG
IgE

Question 10

the first immunoglobulin being released, which contains the
antibodies produced at the first exposure to the antigen.

Answer 10

IgM

Question 11

another form of immunoglobulin, contains antibodies made by the
memory cells that circulate and enter the tissue; most of the
immunoglobulin found in the serum

Answer 11

IgG

Question 12

found in tears, saliva, sweat, mucus, and bile. It is secreted by
plasma cells in the GI and respiratory tracts and in epithelial cells. These
antibodies react with specific pathogens that are encountered in exposed
areas of the body.

Answer 12

IgA

Question 13

present in small amounts and seems to be related to allergic
responses and to the activation of mast cells.

Answer 13

IgE

Question 14

another identified immunoglobulin whose role has not been
determined.

Answer 14

IgD

Question 15

Normally released by the adrenal glands
- mimics action of steroid hormone

Answer 15

Corticosteroids

Question 16

Aldosterone-like actions and balances
electrolytes through Na and water reabsorption.

Answer 16

Mineralocorticoid

Question 17

regulates CHON, carbo, and fat metabolism;
affects metabolism. Promotes antibodies, does not produce insulin

Answer 17

Glucocorticoids

Question 18

Addisonian 3 signs

Answer 18

Decreased BP
Cyanosis
Shock

Question 19

Long term steroid use/rapid cessation

Answer 19

Addisonian disease

Question 20

Cortisone use
Tiredness and apathy

Answer 20

Cushing’s disease

Question 21

Cushing’s disease’s vital signs

Answer 21

Increased BP
Decreased RR and PR

Question 22

Corticosteroids Parenteral

Answer 22

prednisone
dexamethasone
hydrocortisone
betamethasone

Question 23

Corticosteroids Inhaled

Answer 23

beclomethasone
dexamathesone

Question 24

Corticosteroids Opthalmic

Answer 24

dexamethasone
flouromethalone (Fl

Question 25

Corticosteroids Topical

Answer 25

betamethasone dipropionate

Question 26

Acetic acids

Answer 26

indomethacin (INDOCIN) • diclofenac sodium

Question 27

Carboxylic acids

Answer 27

Aspirin Sodium Salicylates

Question 28

Propionic acids

Answer 28

ibuprofen (MOTRIN, ADVIL) • ketoprofen (ORUDIS) • naproxen

Question 29

Common NSAIDS

Answer 29

Aspirin Indomethacin Diclofenac sodium Ibuprofen

Question 30

Common COXIB

Answer 30

1. celecoxib (CELEBREX) 2. etoricoxib (ARCOXIA) 3. rofecoxib (VIOXX) 4 meloxicam

Question 31

Have same effects of NSAIDSbut have little to no effect on platelet aggregation

Answer 31

Cox-2 Inhibitors

Question 32

Used in the management of spasticity associated with severe chronic disorders such as Multiple Sclerosis, Cerebral Palsy, Rheumatic Disorders.

Answer 32

Skeletal muscle relaxant

Question 33

Common muscle relaxant

Answer 33

baclofen (Lioresal) 2. chlorzoxazone (Paraflex) 3. diazepam (Valium) 4. dantrolene (Dantrium) 5. butolinum Toxin Type B (Myoblock) 6. pancuronium Bromide (Pavulon)

Question 34

A common, often asymptomatic disorder in which blood pressure persistently exceeds 140/90 mmHg

Answer 34

Hypertension

Question 35

Indicated for HPN, prophylaxis for migraine headaches, treatment of severe dysmenorrhea or menopausal, glaucoma

Answer 35

Adrenergic agents

Question 36

Adrenergic agents

Answer 36

prazosin (Minipress) -clonidine (Catapres) -reserpine (Serpasil) -methyldopa

Question 37

Inhibits angiotensin- converting enzyme which is responsible for converting angiotensin 1 to angiotensin 2, the latter a potent vasoconstrictor and stimulator of aldosterone.

Answer 37

Ace inhibitors

Question 38

Ace inhibitors

Answer 38

captopril (Capoten) -enalapril (Vasotec) -lisinopril

Question 39

One of the newest classes of antihypertensives. Does not cause cough.

Answer 39

ANGIOTENSIN 2 RECEPTOR BLOCKERS

Question 40

Stimulates production of aldosterone causing increase BP

Answer 40

Angiotensin 2

Question 41

ANGIOTENSIN 2 RECEPTOR BLOCKERS

Answer 41

lozartan (Cozaar) -valsartan (Diovan) -telmisartan

Question 42

First line agents for HPN. This is also for ANGINA

Answer 42

Calcium channel blockers

Question 43

are a class of drugs and natural substance with effect on many excitable cells like heart, smooth muscles of the vessels or neuron cells

Answer 43

Calcium Channel blockers

Question 44

the most potent smooth muscle dilator and common agent used for severe HPN and HPN crisis

Answer 44

Nifedipine

Question 45

Common drugs of Calcium channel blockers

Answer 45

nifedipine -verapamil -amlodipine -diltiazem -felodipine

Question 46

Used to improve cardiac function . This is best for HPN, MI, Angina 2. Reduction of intraocular pressure

Answer 46

Beta-adrenergic

Question 47

THE 4 C’s of HPN

Answer 47

C-oronary Artery Disease C-oronary Rheumatic Fever C- ongestive Heart Failure C- ardio Vascular Accident

Question 48

Beta blockers

Answer 48

-propranolol -atenolol -nadolol -esmolol -metoprolol

Question 49

are primarily used to treat hypotension which may be a manifestation of a shock state.

Answer 49

Anti hypotensive

Question 50

Anti hypotension is also called as

Answer 50

CARDIOSELECTIVE SYMPATHOMIMETICS

Question 51

DRUGS FOR BRADYCARDIA

Answer 51

I- ISOPROTERENOL D- dopamine E-Epinephrine A- Atropine Sulfate

Question 52

management of profoundly symptomatic bradycardia or cardiac arrest, status asthmaticus and anaphylaxis

Answer 52

Epinephrine

Question 53

has a potent inotropic and chronotropic properties - a drug used to treat bradycardia conditions.

Answer 53

ISOPROTERENOL

Question 54

increase force of cardiac contraction and increases cardiac output with minimal increase in heart rate, thus producing less myocardial O2 demand

Answer 54

dopamine

Question 55

treatment of pulmonary congestion with low cardiac output, septic shock, CHF, used with dopamine for the treatment of cardiogenic shock

Answer 55

Dobutamine

Question 56

Three types of angina

Answer 56

Chronic Stable Angina Unstable Angina Vasospastic angina

Question 57

What is the primary cause of chronic stable angina

Answer 57

Atherosclerosis

Question 58

The early stage of progressive CAD often ends in MI

Answer 58

Unstable angina

Question 59

Results from spasms of the smooth muscles that surround the atherosclerotic coronary arteries -Pain happens without precipitating cause

Answer 59

Vasospastic angina

Question 60

Main stay of both prophylaxis and treatment for angina and other cardiac problems

Answer 60

Nitrates/Nitrites

Question 61

Traditionally, the most important drug used in the symptomatic treatment of ischemic heart conditions such as angina.

Answer 61

Nitroglycerine drip