Introduction

Question 1

Principles of Pharmacology Nurses need to know

Answer 1

1. Action
2. Usual Dosage
3. Desired effect
4. Potential side effects

Question 2

Any substance that is administered for diagnosis, cure, relief, prevention of diseases

Answer 2

Medication

Question 3

Associated with illegally acquired substance

Answer 3

Drug

Question 4

Study of how each individual will respond to specific drugs

Answer 4

Pharmacogenetics

Question 5

Study of biochemical and physiological effects or influence of drugs

Answer 5

Pharmacodynamics

Question 6

Factors affecting drug action

Answer 6

Development considerations
Weight
Sex
Genetic and cultural factors
Psychological factors
Pathology
Environment
Time of administration

Question 7

Pharmacokinetics

Answer 7

Absorption
Distribution
Metabolism
Excretion of drug

Question 8

Key elements in drug dosage and frequency

Answer 8

Critical concentration
Loading dose
Dynamic equilibrium

Question 9

Key element in drug dosage and frequency that is the amount of drug that is needed to cause therapeutic effect

Answer 9

Critical concentration

Question 10

Key element in drug dosage and frequency that is the higher dose than that usually used or given for treatment

Answer 10

Loading dose

Question 11

Key element in drug dosage and frequency that is the actual concentration that a drug reaches in the body resulting from a balance in absorption, distribution, metabolism, and exretion

Answer 11

Dynamic equilibrium

Question 12

Process by which drug is transferred from site of entry into the body

Answer 12

Absorption

Question 13

Factors affecting absorption

Answer 13

Route of administration
drug solubility
pH
drug dosage
serum drug levels

Question 14

Highest plasma concentration of the drug

Answer 14

Peak level

Question 15

Point when the drug is at its lowest concentration

Answer 15

Trough level

Question 16

Waste in which drugs are transported to the sides of action metabolism and excretion

Answer 16

Distribution

Question 17

A percentage of the drug has bound to the plasma proteins leaving only the amount not bound free in the circulation to produce the drug action

Answer 17

Protein binding

Question 18

Initial distribution of the drug depends on the cardiac output and blood flow to local tissue

Answer 18

Circulation

Question 19

Metabolism is also known as

Answer 19

Bio transformation

Question 20

Process by which the body inactivates drugs

Answer 20

Metabolism

Question 21

Two phases of biotransformation

Answer 21

Chemical change into drug molecule
Conjugation

Question 22

Elimination of drug metabolites through GI tract to feces and through renal tubules into the urine

Answer 22

Excretion

Question 23

What is the major organ of drug excretion

Answer 23

Kidneys

Question 24

Factors influencing drug effects

Answer 24

Weight
gender
age
physiological factors
pathological factors
immunological factors
psychological factors
environmental factors
drug tolerance
drug resistance
dependence
hydration
disease
social factors

Question 25

Treatment that appears real but is designed to have no therapeutic benefit

Answer 25

Placebo effect

Question 26

Is the increasing response to repeated doses of a drug that occurs when the rate of administration exceeds the rate of metabolism or excretion

Answer 26

Cumulative effect

Question 27

Study of how drugs may best be used in the treatment of diseases

Answer 27

Pharmacotherapeutics

Question 28

Study of which drug would be most or at least appropriate to use for a specific disease and dose required

Answer 28

Pharmacotherapeutics

Question 29

Six major drug uses

Answer 29

Symptomatic treatment preventive drugs diagnostic drugs curative drugs health maintenance drugs contraceptive drugs

Question 30

Types of adverse effects

Answer 30

Primary action secondary actions hypersensitivity

Question 31

A condition that occurs when the body gets used to a medicine so that either more medicine is needed or different medicine is needed

Answer 31

Drug tolerance

Question 32

Increase response related to repeated dose decrease metabolism and excretion

Answer 32

Commutative response

Question 33

Rapid development of tolerance to drug

Answer 33

Tachyphylaxis

Question 34

A psychologic craving for, habituation to, abuse of, or physiologic reliance on a chemical substance

Answer 34

Drug dependence

Question 35

Immunologic reaction to a drug anaphylactic reaction

Answer 35

Drug allergy

Question 36

Four classifications of allergic response

Answer 36

Anaphylactic reaction delayed allergic reaction cytotoxic reaction serum sickness reaction

Question 37

It is an agent that can disturb the development of the embryo or fetus it helps the pregnancy or produce a congenital malformation

Answer 37

Teratogen

Question 38

It is a study of drugs that I from herbal and other natural resources deals with the sources of procurement chemistry of natural product

Answer 38

Pharmacognosy

Question 39

Study of dosage/amount of drug to treat diseases

Answer 39

Posology

Question 40

It is an act to promote, require, and ensure the production of an adequate supply distribution using acceptance of drugs and medicines identified by the generic names

Answer 40

R.A 6675 Generic act of 1988

Question 41

Genetic manipulation of non-pathogenic rapidly growing bacteria it is to manufacture complex biological compounds which are extremely difficult costly to prepare

Answer 41

Gene splicing

Question 42

What does a chemically modifying substances available from natural sources

Answer 42

Antimicrobial agents

Question 43

It is prepared by completely modifying animal insulin so it has precisely the same chemical structure

Answer 43

Human insulin products

Question 44

Involves the manipulation of proteins to permit for the large scale production of complex natural substances

Answer 44

Biotechnology