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immune responses Flashcards

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1
Q

which are the acute phase reactants involved in iron metabolism?

A

ferritin (increases)
hepcidin (increases)
transferrin (decreases)

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2
Q

pathways of complement

A

classic - IgG or IgM mediated
alternative - microbe surface molecules
lecthin - mannose/sugar on microbe surface

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3
Q

what does C3b do?

A

opsonization

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4
Q

what do C3a, C4a, C5a do?

A

anaphylaxis

C5a also does neutrophil chemotaxis

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5
Q

what do C5b-9 do?

A

MAC ATTACK!!!!&@^$^#!^!@!@!

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6
Q

what is DAF?

A

aka CD55
complement cascade inhibitor - prevents auto-activation
DAF deficiency –> lysis of RBCs, PNH

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7
Q

what is C1 esterase inhibitor?

A

complement cascade inhibitor
deficiency –> hereditary angioedema
** ACE inhibitors CONTRAINDICATED

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8
Q

severe recurrent pyogenic sinus and respiratory infx; increase susceptibility to type III hypersensitivity?

A

C3 deficiency

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9
Q

susceptibility to recurrent Neisseria bacteremia?

A

C5-C9 deficiency

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10
Q

IL-1 function?

A

FEVER
inflammation
recruit WBCs
activates endothelium –> adhesion molecules

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11
Q

IL-6 function?

A

ACUTE PHASE PROTEINs stimulated

fever

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12
Q

IL-8 function?

A

neutrophil chemotaxis

clean up on aisle 8!

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13
Q

IL-12 function?

A

differentiation of TH to TH1

activation of NK cells

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14
Q

TNF-a function?

A

septic shock
endothelial activation
WBC recruitment
vascular leakage

** cachexia in malignancy

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15
Q

IL-2 function?

A

stimulates growth of T cells and NK cells

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16
Q

IL-3 function?

A

supports growth/diff of bone marrow stem cells (GM-CSF-like)

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17
Q

IFN-g function?

A

made by NK cells
stimulates macrophages
NK cell activation
increase MHC expression and antigen presentation

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18
Q

IL-4 function?

A

TH2 differentiation
IgE production (and IgG)
B cell growth

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19
Q

IL-5 function?

A

B cell differentiation
IgA production
eosinophil growth

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20
Q

IL-10 function?

A

modulates inflammatory response
decreases MHCII and TH1
inhibits macrophages and dendritic cells

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21
Q

what is pyocyanin?

A

made by PsA

generates ROS to kill competing microbes

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22
Q

what is lactoferrin?

A

protein in secretory fluids and neutrophils

inhibits microbial growth via iron chelation

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23
Q

T cell surface proteins?

A

TCR
CD3 (assoc with TCR - signal transduction)
CD28 (binds B7)
CD4/CD8

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24
Q

helper T cell surface proteins?

A

CD4

CD40L

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25
regulatory T cell surface proteins?
CD4 CD25 (binds IL-2) FOXP3
26
B cell surface proteins?
Ig CD19, CD 20, CD 21 (EBV), CD40 (binds TH cell CD40L) MHCII B7 (binds T cell CD28)
27
macrophage surface proteins?
``` CD14 (binds LPS/endotoxins) CD40 MHCII B7 receptors for Fc and C3b - phagocytosis ```
28
NK cell surface proteins?
``` CD 16 (binds IgG Fc) CD56 (unique) ```
29
hematopoietic cell surface protein?
CD34
30
classic examples of antigenic variation?
``` salmonella (2 flagella) borrelia recurrentis N gonorrhea (pilus) flu, HIV, HCV trypanosomes ```
31
when do you give preformed antibodies to people?
``` post-exposure ppx in: tetanus botulinum HBV varicella rabies ```
32
anaphylaxis, atopy, IgE, mast cells, basophils, histamine, preformed Ab, delayed response from leukotrienes?
type I hypersensitivity | dx: skin test for IgE
33
IgM/IgG bind antigen, cellular destruction?
type II hypersensitivity antibody and complement --> MAC attack direct and indirect Coombs
34
serum sickness, arthus reaction?
type III hypersensitivity antigen-antibody-complement complex --> tissue damage drug reaction - fever, urticaria, arthralgia, proteinuria, LAN
35
delayed; T cells make cytokines, macrophage activation, no antibodies?
type IV hypersensitivity transplant rejection PPD contact dermatitis
36
what is the arthus reaction?
edema, necrosis, complement activation at site of intradermal injection
37
examples of type I hypersensitivity?
anaphylaxis | allergies
38
examples of type II hypersensitivity?
``` AIHA transfusion rxns Goodpasture Graves GBS MG ITP ```
39
examples of type III hypersensitivity?
arthus rxn SLE PSGN serum sickness
40
examples of type IV hypersensitivity?
contact dermatitis GVH MS PPD
41
antidesmosome/antidesmoglein?
pemphigus vulgaris
42
anti GAD 65?
DM1
43
antihemidesmosome?
bullous pemphigoid
44
anti-smooth muscle?
autoimmune hepatitis
45
p ANCA?
EGPA (churg Strauss) | microscopic polyangiitis
46
c ANCA?
Wegeners
47
BTK defect, recurrent bacterial and enteroviral infx, no LN or tonsils?
X-linked/Bruton's agammaglobulinemia | absent B cells, decreased Ig
48
most common 1ary immunodeficiency, often asx, airway/GI infx, autoimmune, atopy?
selective IgA deficiency
49
defect in B cell differentiation, acquired/inherited, autoimmune, bronchiectasis, lymphoma, sinopulm infx?
CVID
50
22q11, absent thymus and parathyroids, tetany, viral/fungal infections?
DiGeorge - CATCH22 | FISH for 22q11 deletion
51
decreased TH1 response, mycobacterial and fungal infections, presents after getting BCG vaccine, decreased IFN-g?
IL-12 receptor deficiency | autosomal recessive
52
STAT3 mtn, TH17 deficiency, coarse facies, abscesses, retained teeth, high IgE, low IFN-g, eczema?
Job syndrome = autosomal dominant hyper-IgE syndrome
53
noninvasive candida infections of skin and mucous membranes
chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis | T cell dysfunction
54
FTT, chronic diarrhea, thrush, recurrent infx of all types, absent thymic shadow, germinal centers?
SCID | tx: BM txp
55
types of SCID?
IL-2R gamma chain - XL | adenosine deaminase deficiency - AR
56
ataxia, spider angiomas, IgA deficiency, increased AFP?
ataxia teleangiectasia ATM gene defects --> dsDNA repair impaired all Ig decreased lymphopenia, cerebellar atrophy
57
severe pyogenic infections early in life, opportunistic infections, increased IgM, decreased IgG/A/E?
hyper IgM syndrome XLR defective CD40L
58
thrombocytopenia, recurrent infections, eczema?
Wiskott Aldrich XLR mutation in WAS - can't reorganize actin ** increased risk autoimmune dz, malignancy
59
recurrent bacterial skin/mucosal infections, absent pus formation, impaired wound healing? umbilical cord takes forever to fall off?
leukocyte adhesion deficiency AR defect in CD18 (LFA-1) - impaired migration and chemotaxis increased neutrophils but absent at infection sites
60
albino with recurrent pyogenic infections, peripheral neuropathy, infiltrative lymphohistiocytosis?
``` Chediak Higashi AR defect in LYST (lysosomal gene) giant granules in granuloctyes and platelets pancytopenia ```
61
infections by catalase+ organisms?
CGD XLR dx: abnormal dihydrorhodamine test, negative nitroblue tetrazolium dye reduction test
62
mechanism of hyperacute txp rejection?
type II hypersensitivity complement activation via pre-existing Abs ischemia/necrosis of grafts
63
mechanism of acute txp rejection?
weeks to months cellular - CD8 to donor MHC humoral - Abs develop post-txp --> interstitial lymphocytic infiltrate ** prevented/reversed with immunosuppressants
64
mechanism of chronic txp rejection?
months to years CD4 --> recipient APCs with donor peptides arteriosclerosis
65
sx of GVH
``` rash jaundice diarrhea HSM usually in BM and liver txp ```

step 1 - immuno (4 decks)

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