Immune System

Question 1

What makes a normal white blood cell different than a red blood cell?

Answer 1

It has a nucleus, can move using amoeboid movement, and is larger than a red blood cell

Question 2

Monocyte

Answer 2

Baby white blood cells that turn into macrophages when it reaches infected tissue

Question 3

Macrophage

Answer 3

Large cell that engulfs foreign objects, cleans up infection sites after neutrophils blows shit up

Question 4

Mast cell

Answer 4

White blood cell that chills in connective tissue and mucosal tissue, releases chemical signals after an injury

Question 5

Cytokine

Answer 5

chemical messenger that produces immune responses, releases after a foreign object is found by BOTH immune cells and infected cells (which explode with tons of cytokines)

Question 6

Interferon

Answer 6

EARLY ACTING CYTOKINE
chemical released by infected cells to warn other cells, activates macrophages and stimulates non-infected cells to produce compounds that fuck with virus replication

Question 7

Neutrophil

Answer 7

most abundant white blood cell, eats viruses and stuff like a macrophage but doesn’t clean anything up

Question 8

Phagocytosis

Answer 8

Ingestion of bacteria/other material

Question 9

Which chemical messenger causes fever?

Answer 9

Cytokine

Question 10

Which cells release cytokines?

Answer 10

White blood cells, infected cells, and uninfected cells that receive cytokines

Question 11

How do uninfected cells release cytokines?

Answer 11

infected cells release cytokines —-> noninfected cells continue production

Question 12

Lymphocyte

Answer 12

Immune cell with a massive nucleus, formed in bone marrow

Question 13

natural killer cell

Answer 13

a lymphocyte that kills other unhealthy cells (infected or cancerous)

Question 14

major
histocompatibility class (MHC) I molecules

Answer 14

Proteins on a cell’s surface that represent internal conditions

Question 15

How does a killer cell kill cells?

Answer 15

induces cell death (apoptosis)

Question 16

Apoptosis

Answer 16

programmed cell death

Question 17

complement system

Answer 17

a gang of 20 proteins that dogpile on microorganism surfaces so immune system can do a drive by while sipping some yak

Question 18

antibodies

Answer 18

bind to surface of microorganisms and change shape so complement proteins can start going nuts

Question 19

Adaptive immunity

Answer 19

happens after an infection, responsive

Question 20

Antigen

Answer 20

molecule that stimulates a response in the immune system (ANTIbody GENerator)

Question 21

Cell mediated immune response is controlled by what?

Answer 21

activated T cells

Question 22

Humoral immune response is controlled by what?

Answer 22

activated B cells and antibodies

Question 23

lysozyme

Answer 23

enzyme that destroys cell walls of many bacteria

Question 24

Thymus

Answer 24

Gland behind breastbone that holds a ton of T cells

Question 25

"B cell" = mature inside _____

Answer 25

"bone" marrow

Question 26

"T Cell" = mature inside ____

Answer 26

"Thymus"

Question 27

What do B cells hunt?

Answer 27

Pathogens in blood and lymph

Question 28

What do T cells hunt?

Answer 28

other infected cells

Question 29

What do helper T cells do?

Answer 29

release cytokines after touching a sensitized B cell, which makes the B cell basically explode and make thousands of clones of itself

Question 30

Plasma Cell

Answer 30

produces a SHIT LOAD OF ANTIBODIES like its not even funny how many it can make, originally a memory B cell

Question 31

Where do antibodies come from in the Passive Immune Response?

Answer 31

outside the body (breast milk type stuff)

Question 32

APC cells (antigen-presenting cell)

Answer 32

eats things and puts pieces of it on MHC class 2 molecules to signal to other cells what's going on (macrophages are APC cells)

Question 33

dendritic cell

Answer 33

grabs antigenic material in its environment (skin, nose, mouth, lungs, intestines, stomach) and presents them on it's surface like an APC cell

Question 34

erythrocyte

Answer 34

red blood cell

Question 35

a delay, insufficiency or failure of immune system is ________

Answer 35

immunodeficiency

Question 36

an immediate hypersensitive antibody-mediated response to a harmless antigen is an ___

Answer 36

allergy

Question 37

A maladaptive immune response toward harmless foreign substances or self-antigens

Answer 37

hypersensitivity

Question 38

anaphylactic shock

Answer 38

allergy response, dilates blood vessels and decreases blood pressure like crazy

Question 39

autoimmunity

Answer 39

hypersensitivity to self-antigens

Question 40

autoantibody

Answer 40

antibody that inappropriately marks self-components as foreign