Immune System (textbook 'key terms')

Question 1

antigen

Answer 1

a macromolecule that reacts with cells of the immune system

Question 2

antibody

Answer 2

a protein that is produced by plasma cells after stimulation by an antigen

Question 3

antigen-presenting cell (APC)

Answer 3

an immune cell that informs the adaptive immune response about an infection by presenting the processed antigen on its cell surface using MHC class 2 molecules

Question 4

apoptosis

Answer 4

programmed cell death

Question 5

autoimmunity

Answer 5

hypersensitivity to self-antigens

Question 6

B cell

Answer 6

lymphocyte that matures in the bone marrow

Question 7

cell-mediated immune response

Answer 7

controlled by T cells, adaptive immune response

Question 8

complement system

Answer 8

20 soluble proteins of the innate immune system that enhance phagocytosis, tear holes in pathogens, and recruit lymphocytes

Question 9

cytokine

Answer 9

chemical messenger that regulates cell differentiation, proliferation, and gene expression to effect immune responses

Question 10

cytotoxic T lymphocyte (TC)

Answer 10

immune cell that directly kills infected cells via enzymes

Question 11

dendritic cell

Answer 11

immune cell that processes antigen material and presents it on the surface of its cell in MHC class II
molecules

Question 12

effector cell

Answer 12

lymphocyte that has differentiated, such as a B cell, plasma cell, or cytotoxic T cell

Question 13

helper T lymphocyte (TH)

Answer 13

binds to APCs via MHC class II molecules and
stimulates B cells or secretes cytokines to initiate the immune response

Question 14

humoral immune response

Answer 14

controlled by activated B cells and antibodies, adaptive immune response

Question 15

immunodeficiency

Answer 15

failure, insufficiency, or delay at any level of the immune system

Question 16

interferon

Answer 16

cytokine that inhibits viral replication

Question 17

lymph

Answer 17

watery fluid in the lymphatic circulatory system that has white blood cells

Question 18

lymphocyte

Answer 18

white blood cell that includes natural killer cells of the innate immune system and B and T cells of the adaptive immune system

Question 19

macrophage

Answer 19

phagocytic cell that engulfs foreign particles and pathogens

Question 20

major histocompatibility class (MHC) I molecule

Answer 20

group of proteins found on the surface of normal boring cells that signals to immune cells whether the cell is normal or is infected or cancerous

Question 21

major histocompatibility class (MHC) II molecule

Answer 21

a protein found on the surface of APC cells that

signals to immune cells whether the cell is normal or is infected or cancerous

Question 22

mast cell

Answer 22

leukocyte that produces inflammatory molecules in response to large pathogens and is in connective tissue

Question 23

monocyte

Answer 23

type of white blood cell that turns into a macrophage after it moves into infected tissue

Question 24

natural killer (NK) cell

Answer 24

lymphocyte that can kill cells infected with viruses or tumor cells

Question 25

neutrophil

Answer 25

phagocytic leukocyte that engulfs and digests pathogens

Question 26

T cell

Answer 26

lymphocyte that matures in the thymus gland

Question 27

virion

Answer 27

individual virus particle outside a host cell

Question 28

white blood cell

Answer 28

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