immune system

Question 1

what is bacteria?

Answer 1

one-celled microorganisms that cause diseases, they are the most numerous type of pathogen on earth and most of them are harmless

Question 2

what are viruses?

Answer 2

they are the tiniest type of pathogen and aren’t a complete cell and aren’t alive (they have to invade living cell to thrive)

Question 3

fungi?

Answer 3

unicellular or multi-celled pathogens that thrive in dark moist areas

Question 4

protist?

Answer 4

mostly single-celled organisms that cause diseases

Question 5

parasitic worm?

Answer 5

need to feed off of host to thrive

Question 6

pathogen?

Answer 6

organisms that cause disease. they are spread through human contact, soil, food, water, or infected animals

Question 7

bacteria example

Answer 7

strep throat, ear infections, and food posioning

Question 8

virus example

Answer 8

colds, flu, and HIV

Question 9

fungi example

Answer 9

ringworm and athlete’s foot

Question 10

protist example

Answer 10

malaria, african sleeping sickness, and amebic dysentery

Question 11

parasitic worm example

Answer 11

tapeworm

Question 12

how does skin protect from pathogens?

Answer 12

provides a wall between your insides and the environment. it also has an oily substance called sebum that fights disease

Question 13

what are the three layers of skin?

Answer 13

epidermis, dermis, hypodermis

Question 14

epidermis:

Answer 14

outer layer, dead skin cells

Question 15

dermis:

Answer 15

thick middle layer, holds nerve endings, oil glands and blood

Question 16

hypodermis:

Answer 16

innermost layer of skin that contains stored fat cells that keep you warm

Question 17

antigens?

Answer 17

invaders that attack the body

Question 18

what pathogen is mostly harmless?

Answer 18

bacteria

Question 19

what pathogen is not alive?

Answer 19

virus

Question 20

what pathogen thrives in dark, moist places?

Answer 20

fungi

Question 21

what pathogen causes diseases like malaria?

Answer 21

protist

Question 22

what pathogen need to feed off their host?

Answer 22

parasitic worms

Question 23

what are leukocytes?

Answer 23

white blood cells

Question 24

what do leukocytes do?

Answer 24

they seek out and destroy disease

Question 25

what are phagocytes and lymphocytes?

Answer 25

they are the two types of leukocytes

Question 26

where are leukocytes stored?

Answer 26

bone marrow, thymus, and spleen

Question 27

which white blood cells chew up invading pathogens and antigens?

Answer 27

phagocytes

Question 28

which white blood cells recognize and remember return invaders, as well as help to destroy them

Answer 28

lymphocytes

Question 29

what is a fancy name for white blood cells?

Answer 29

leukocytes

Question 30

what are neutrophils?

Answer 30

a phagocyte that fights bacteria

Question 31

thymus, spleen, and tonsils are organs of what system?

Answer 31

lymphatic system

Question 32

what is the thymus?

Answer 32

produces and stores white blood cells

Question 33

what is the spleen?

Answer 33

filters and stores blood

Question 34

what are the two cells of lymphocytes?

Answer 34

B and T cells

Question 35

what are B cells?

Answer 35

they seek out targets in the body and make specialized proteins called antibodies

Question 36

what are T cells?

Answer 36

rush to antigen and destroy it

Question 37

how do the B and T cells recognize antigens?

Answer 37

They use marker molecules that help them recognize the shape of the antigens

Question 38

what are antibodies?

Answer 38

proteins that B cells produce that lock on and tag antigens

Question 39

innate, adaptive, and passive are all types of..?

Answer 39

immunity

Question 40

what is innate immunity?

Answer 40

immunity that you are born with. eg. skin

Question 41

what is adaptive immunity?

Answer 41

develops throughout life from getting disease or vaccines (they give small amount of disease)

Question 42

what is passive immunity?

Answer 42

it only lasts for limited time eg. mothers milk

Question 43

what are antibiotics for?

Answer 43

to treat bacterial infections

Question 44

what are the three types of immunity?

Answer 44

innate, adaptive, and passive

Question 45

how do vaccines work?

Answer 45

they give you a small amount of the disease they are protecting you from