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546 Body Systems 2 > Immune System > Flashcards

Immune System Flashcards

(74 cards)

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1
Q

DAMPs

A

danger-associated molecular patterns
unhealthy cells are recognized by immune system by these cues

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2
Q

PAMPs

A

pathogen-associated molecular patterns
immune system recognizes infectious microbes by these cues

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3
Q

T cells

A

contribute to cell mediated immunity to directly destroy infected cells

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4
Q

helper t cells

A

activate cytotoxic t cells and b cells

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5
Q

cytotoxic t cells

A

directly kill infected cells, release toxic substances

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6
Q

b cells

A

humoral immunity
produce antibodies that bind pathogens and mark them for destruction by t cells

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7
Q

cytokines

A

proteins immune system produces to trigger inflammation to fight pathogens

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8
Q

t cells are produced where?

A

thymus

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9
Q

b cells are produced where?

A

bone marrow

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10
Q

passive immunity

A

acquired immunity from an outside source like mother to child or from blood transfusion

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11
Q

active immunity

A

immune response to antigen
includes innate and adaptive immunity
achieve through fighting pathogen or vaccine

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12
Q

innate immunity

A

physical barriers to pathogens like skin
generalized, first line of defense

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13
Q

adaptive immunity

A

specific immune cells, cytokines, etc
antibodies

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14
Q

primary immune deficiency

A

born with an underactive immune system

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15
Q

acquired immune deficiency

A

disease weakens immune system

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16
Q

immune system hyperactivity

A

allergic reaction

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17
Q

autoimmune reaction

A

immune system turns on body

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18
Q

PT implications when seeing HIV pts in clinic

A

infection control - body fluids

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19
Q

HIV pathophys

A

infects CD4 T cells which fight infections
CD4 replicates and kills CD4 cells
immune system can’t produce T cells fast enough, get depleted and weakens immune system

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20
Q

stage I HIV infection

A

acute: 2-4 weeks after infection
flu like symptoms lasting days-weeks or asymptomatic

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21
Q

stage II HIV infection

A

clinical latency
test positive but asymptomatic
lasts 10-15 years with treatment, meds lower to undetectable level

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22
Q

stage III HIV infection

A

AIDS
rapid weight loss, night sweats etc etc constitutional symptoms
mouth sores, swollen lymph nodes, karposi’s sarcoma/nodules/plaques on skin
opportunistic infections

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23
Q

PT implications for treating HIV patient

A

immune compromise increases infection risk
higher comorbidities
aerobic/fitness level decline through disease progression
if hospitalized battling effects of bed rest

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24
Q

acute HIV infection PT treatment

A

lung secretions
aerobic fitness
normal ROM
posture
med-high intensity aerobic and resistance training

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25
latent/chronic stages HIV infection PT treatments
mod-high intensity aerobic shown to improve immune system resistance balance pain management prevent contractures ADLs refer for cog/bxal therapy
26
fibromyalgia
widespread pain/tender spots, muscle aches, and fatigue for 3+ months without evidence of inflammation of tissue damage autoimmune, nociplastic pain centrally mediated
27
risk factors for fibromyalgia
middle age, other autoimmune condition, female, traumatic event, repetitive stress injuries, viral infection, family hx, obesity
28
fibromyalgia clinical presentation
pain/stiffness widespread fatigue memory issues headaches muscle spasm disturbed sleep increased sensitivity to noise/light etc also: GI, face pain, TMJ, tingling hands/feet
29
fibromyalgia comorbidities
raynaud's chest pain like angina tendonitis dyspnea IBS urinary urgency dry eye depression/anxiety foggy cognition PMS weight gain
30
RA pain vs fibromyalgia pain distribution
RA: pain in joints of extremities fibro: muscles in extremities and proximally
31
fibromyalgia diagnostic criteria
widespread pain index 7+ and symptom severity scale 5+ OR WPI 4-6 and SSS 9+ generalized pain in 4-5 regions symptoms 3+ months
32
fibromyalgia management
non-pharm inteverntions for pain CBT antidepressants aerobic/strengthening acupuncture hydrotherapy meditation
33
differential of fibromyalgia
endocrine issue illness infection inflammation RA
34
RA risk factors
age 60+, female, genetic, smoking, never given birth
35
s/s of RA
slow onset, fatigue, progressive joint involvement, stiffness in morning, stiffness w prolonged sitting, BL symptoms comorbidities: depression, weight loss comorbidity
36
diagnostic criteria of RA
SERIOUS acronym swelling in 1+ joint early morning stiffness recurring joint pain inability to move joint normally obvious tenderness unexplained fever symptoms 2+ weeks
37
RA definition
inflammation of synovial membranes bilaterally in hand, wrist, feet
38
O-Sullivan functional classifications of RA
I: able to perform ADLs completely II: able to perform usual self care/vocational activities, limited in avocational activites III: able to perform usual self care, limited in vocational/avocational activities IV: limited in ability to perform self care, vocational, and avocational activities
39
effect of RA on the joint surface
cartilage loss and progressive destruction reduced joint space
40
FITTVP for RA exercise
F: 2x day, 5x week, 30 min I: strength 60-80%, aerobic 60% T: 3-6 months type: water therapy, hand therapy, group exercise
41
polymyalgia rheumatica
widespread pain/stiffness coming on quickly over day(s), symmetrical
42
s/s polymyalgia rheumatica
morning achiness improving through the day BL UE involvement impaired overhead reach joints not swollen less common: fatigue, fever, poor appetite, weight loss labs: high erythrocyte sed rate, CRP
43
polymyalgia rheumatica population
50+ years to 70 women caucasian
44
polymyalgia rheumatica course/treatment
lasts 2-3 years then resolves on it's own use corticosteroids low dose for relief symptom based therapy but no evidence for PT
45
DD of polymyalgia rheumatica
RC disease DDD fibromyalgia endocrine disorder parkinson's hypovitamiosis D drug induced myopathy - statins
46
SLE
chronic, systemic, inflammatory disease multisystem discoid or systemic
47
discoid SLE
confined to skin, coin shaped lesions
48
systemic SLE
affects almost every organ/system with variable presentations
49
SLE risk factors
genetic, infections, UV light, extreme physical/emotional stress, pregnancy adult women, male children 20-40s environment hormone disturbance some meds
50
s/s SLE
skin: butterfly rash, hair loss, light sensitive MSK: arthritis, BL neuro: peripheral neuropathy, decreased DTR, abn sensation mouth: sores, numbness low grade fever fatigue pulm: pleurisy, chest pain, difficulty breathing, cough raynaud's kidney involvement
51
SLE management
NSAIDs, steroids, cytotoxic drugs, antimalarials education activity management stress reduction sleep hygiene avoid foods that increase vitamin D smoking cessation aerobic exercise 60% VO2max ROM energy conservation
52
scleroderma types
localized: affects skin and not major organs systemic: affects skin and major organs
53
systemic scleroderma
skin thickening - tightening and loss of ROM chronic joint pain and inflammation raynaud's subcategories of limited or diffuse
54
scleroderma risk factors
any age/race mostly women localized tends to present before age 40 systemic tends to present between 30-50
55
limited scleroderma distribution
head and distal extremities
56
diffuse scleroderma distribution
all over the body with emphasis on skin changes in the torso
57
sine scleroderma distribution
organ involvement with no skin involvement
58
acronym for scleroderma symptoms
CREST Calcinosis: ca deposits in skin R: raynaud's E: esophegeal dysfunction S: sclerdactyly T: telangiectasias: capillary dilation, red marks on skin surface
59
s/s diffuse scleroderma
major organs: GI, lungs, kidney, heart renal disease common cardiomyopathy/pericarditis, arrhythmias skin thickening trunk, UE/LE MSK pain/flexion contractures
60
management of scleroderma
NSAIDs, lotion, symptom based PT immune suppressants PT goals: manage pain, improve str/aerobic capacity, maintain ROM, maintain ADLs
61
reactive arthritis/reiter's syndrome
painful, inflammatory arthritis as reaction to bacterial infection link to chlamydia and HLA gene
62
reactive arthritis s/s
abrupt onset eye inflammation, self limiting for a few days/weeks urinary frequency pain/swelling joints, esp feet heel pain toes/finger swelling lesions on toes, nails, feet LBP worse at night or in morning low grade fever
63
reactive arthritis risk factors
males 20-50 HLA-B27 gene weakened immune system
64
reactive arthritis treatment
NSAIDs early RA meds for chronic
65
psoriatic arthritis
autoimmune condition of skin with raised red patches and scaly white patches plus persistent joint inflammation leading to joint damage
66
psoriatic arthritis risk factors
30-50 equal gender risk 15-30% with psoriasis will develop associated with anemia and fatigue
67
s/s psoriatic arthritis
pain/stiff/swollen joints UL/BL, single or multiple dactylitis swollen fingers/toes spondylitis progressive joint damage if not managed
68
Gout
inflammatory arthritis very painful caused by hyperuricemia - uric acid build up as crystals flares in single joints
69
risk factors for gout
male obese CHF, HTN, metabolic syndrome, diabetes protein rich diet, acl, high fructose
70
patterns of autoimmune conditions
soft tissue/joint pain stiffness swelling weakness raynaud's sleep disturbances fatigue stiffness 1+ hours after waking and after prolonged sitting
71
s/s requiring immediate medical attention
shock, hoarse voice, difficulty breathing, chest pain new onset joint pain after surgery blue color + very tender joint for infection
72
refer to physician w these s/s
new onset joint pain within 6 weeks of surgery symmetric swelling developing or progressing neuro symptoms after infection evidence of spinal cord compression incontinence with ankylosing spondylitis
73
what motion produces arthritis pain
AROM and PROM, worse in active
74
risk of what fracture with RA or AS?
cervical, atlantoaxial subluxation

546 Body Systems 2 (8 decks)

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