Immune System

Question 1

What are the two divisions of the Adaptive immune system?

Answer 1

1) Humoral

2) Cellular

Question 2

What type of cells make up the Humoral Immune system?

Answer 2

-B Lymphocytes

Question 3

What is the main job of B Lymphocytes?

Answer 3

-Create plasma cells to secrete antibodies

Question 4

What differentiates into plasma cells?

Answer 4

B Lymphocytes

Question 5

What stimulates B Lymphocytes?

Answer 5

Interleukins

Question 6

What antibodies do B lymphocytes have on their surface?

Answer 6

• IgM

- IgD

Question 7

What is an antigen?

Answer 7

a non-self substance

Question 8

What portions of antibodies are different between different types of Abs?

Answer 8

• Antigen Binding site

- Fc region (Heavy Chain)

Question 9

What do IgM antibodies do?

Answer 9

• Activate Complement

- Activaet B cells

Question 10

What is complement?

Answer 10

A cascade of proenzymes/proteases involved in mediating the immune response

Question 11

What do IgG antibodies do?

Answer 11

Activate Macrophages and neutrophils

-Can also activate complement

Question 12

What do IgA antibodies do?

Answer 12

• Agglutinates antigen

- Activates effector cells

Question 13

What do IgE antibodies do?

Answer 13

• Bind to mast cells and basophils

- Stimulate release of histamine, heparin, and cytokines

Question 14

What do IgD antibodies do?

Answer 14

Activate the B lymphocyte (receptor)

Question 15

What do T-Lymphocytes do?

Answer 15

Mediate cellular immunity

Question 16

What stimulates T-Lymphocytes?

Answer 16

Major Histocompatability Complex (MCH’s)

Question 17

What do Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes (CD8+) do?

Answer 17

Induce programmed cell death or lysis

Question 18

What MHC class do Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes recognize?

Answer 18

MHC-I

Question 19

What do Helper T Lymphocytes (CD4+) do?

Answer 19

Secrete cytokines to stimulate other immune cells

Question 20

What MHC class do Helper T Lymphocytes Recognize?

Answer 20

MHC-II

Question 21

What do Regulatory T Cells do?

Answer 21

-They are capable of suppressing immune response

Question 22

What do Natural Killer Cells do?

Answer 22

Kill viral infected cells and tumor cells in a nonspecific (innate) manner
-Don’t use MHC presentation

Question 23

What do Macrophages and Neutrophils do?

Answer 23

Phagocytose material coated with IgG and IgM antibodies

Question 24

What do mast cells and basophils do?

Answer 24

• Release Histamine and Heparin

- Also release chemotactic agents

Question 25

What constitutes the Lymphoid tissues?

Answer 25

- Thymus - Bone Marrow - Lymph Nodes - Spleen

Question 26

What occurs in the cortex of the thymus?

Answer 26

-T lymphocytes Proliferate and program in cortex (positive selection process for MHC

Question 27

What happens to T lymphocytes that do not bind an MHC?

Answer 27

The die via apoptosis

Question 28

What happens to T lymphocytes that DO bind an MHC?

Answer 28

- migrate to medulla of Thymus where they are negatively selected for recognition of self antigens - Dendritic cells present self antigens

Question 29

What does a Hassall's Corpuscle do?

Answer 29

Makes interleukins and cytokines

Question 30

Where are Hassall's Corpuscles located?

Answer 30

Medulla of the Thymus

Question 31

What part of the IgE antibody stimulates the release of histamine, heparin, and cytokines?

Answer 31

The Fc Region

Question 32

What are the 5 layers that form the blood-thymic barrier?

Answer 32

1. Endothelial cell (Tight) 2. Basal Lamina (Tight) 3. Some connective tissue 4. Basal Lamina of Reticular Cell (Tight) 5. Thymic epithelial cell (Tight)

Question 33

Do thymic epithelial cells make fibers?

Answer 33

no, they are a type of epithelial cell

Question 34

What do lymph nodes do?

Answer 34

Filter regional lymph fluid

Question 35

What type of collagen do reticular cells of the lymph node make?

Answer 35

Collagen Type III

Question 36

What is happening in Lymphoid (B cell) nodules in lymph nodes?

Answer 36

B cell Proliferation

Question 37

What does the HEV do?

Answer 37

Point of entry for lymphocytes into the lymph node

Question 38

Where are HEVs located?

Answer 38

The paracortex region of the lymph node

Question 39

Which lymphatic tissues have reticular cells that make fibers?

Answer 39

Lymph node and Spleen

Question 40

What is the primary purpose of the spleen?

Answer 40

a blood filter

Question 41

What makes up the white pulp of the spleen?

Answer 41

- lymphoid nodules | - periarteriolar lymphoid sheaths (PALS)

Question 42

What makes up red pulp of the spleen?

Answer 42

- sinusoids rich in blood | - splenic cords of Billroth

Question 43

Where are MALT tissues found?

Answer 43

Digestive, Respiratory, and Genitourinary Tracts

Question 44

What is MALT?

Answer 44

- Mucosa-Associated-lymphoid-Tissue | - Tonsils

Question 45

What is the purpose of tonsils?

Answer 45

Survey substances brought into the mouth, throat, pharynx

Question 46

What is contained within medullary cords of the lymph node?

Answer 46

T and B lymphocytes-Many Plasma cells

Question 47

What is contained within medullary sinuses of the lymph node?

Answer 47

meshwork of processes from reticular cells-Many macrophages and neutrophils if draining an infected region

Question 48

What do the splenic trabeculae do?

Answer 48

Carry branches of the splenic artery, vein, lymphatics, and nerves into the splenic pulp

Question 49

What happens in the red pulp of the spleen?

Answer 49

Effete RBC's are removed

Question 50

What is contained within the splenic cords of Billroth?

Answer 50

A network of reticular cells and fibers filled with T and B lymphocytes, macrophages, other leukocytes, and RBCs

Question 51

What are Stave Cells?

Answer 51

cells that make up the splenic sinusoids, resembling a loosely organized wooden barrel