Immune System Flashcards
(18 cards)
Type I hypersensitivity
IgE mediated
- asthma
- anaphylaxis
Type II hypersensitivity
Cell membrane bound antigens
- hemolytic disease of newborn
- myasthenia gravis
Type III hypersensitivity
Deposition of Immune complex-mediated tissue injury
Type IV hypersensitivity
“No antibodies”- T-cell mediated
Delayed hypersensitivity
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)
Double stranded DNA antibodies
- almost all organs of body
- type III = immune complexes
- generic antinuclear antibody test for screening
- anti-double stranded DNA test for diagnosis
- Antihistone test to see if it is drug induced SLE
- Malar skin rash with photosensitivity
- oral ulcers that resemble lichen plans
- NON-EROSIVE arthritis
- renal problems: vasculitis and immune deposits, renal failure is #1 cause of death
- atherosclerosis and CAD
- endocarditis with vegetations= Libman-Sacks Endocarditis
Antiphospholipid Antibody Syndrome (APS)
Secondary to SLE
Hypercoagulability- thrombus formations
Chronic Discoid Lupus (DLE)
Skin lesions- plaques with pigmented margins, heal with scar
Not lethal
Oral lesions
Drug Induced Lupus
Anti-histone antibodies develop
Occurs equally in males and females (most auto-immune occur more often in females)
Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)
Non-suppurative erosive arthritis
Rheumatoid factor is seen in 75% of cases
Type IV hypersensitivity
Synovitis: inflammation of synovium
Pannus: excessive inflammation and repair, some fibroblastic response and some inflammatory, restricts the join movement
-Progressive and Symmetrical joint involvement
-Rheumatoid nodules
-Baker’s cyst on back on knee
Sjogren Syndrome
Suspected viral initiation: Hep C or EBV
Antibodies: Anti-ribonucleoprotein
Dry mouth: salivary gland destruction, lymphocytic infiltration
Dry eyes: Keratoconjuntivitis
Usually a secondary autoimmune disease like RA
40 fold increase in lymphoma
Scleroderma
Localized or systemic
Systemic:
vascular changes- onion skinning
autoimmune response leads to excessive fibroblastic proliferation and fibrosis of the dermis
smooth thickened skin, purse string mouth
symmetrical widening of the PDL
Reynaud’s phenomenon
Pulmonary fibrosis- problems breathing, right ventricular hypertrophy
CREST syndrome
Anti-centromere antibody
NO joint stiffness, mask like face or systemic problems
C: calcinosis
R: raynaud’s phenomenon
E: esophageal dysfunction
S: sclerodactyly: thickening and tightening of the skin on fingers and hands
T: telangiectasis: dilation of capillaries causing red marks on surface of skin
Morphoea
Localized scleroderma
X-Linked Agammaglobilinemia
B-cell lineage is affected, T cells no problem
No B cells= no plasma cells = no antibodies
Recurrent pyrogenic BACTERIAL infections (pneumonia, sinonasal, GI infections)
-Viral infections handled by T cells, unless very severe like Herpes or Hep C
Defect of Bruton’s tyrosine kinase
Selective IgA Deficiency
Most common defect of specific immunity
Mucosal antibody so may have more problems fighting off respiratory and digestive infections
-May also be associated with another autoimmune disorder like RA, SLE
DiGeorge Syndrome
One of the most severe
Large deletion in chromosome 22
Defect in development of 3rd and 4th brachial pouches: thymus and parathyroid
CATCH 22
C: cardiac anomalies (heart development very near 3rd and 4th pouches)
A: abnormal facies
T: thymic hypoplasia: no thymus = no T cells, B cells cannot work properly
C: cleft palate
H: hypocalcemia: No PTH= no calcium liberation
Recurrent, severe VIRAL, bacterial and protozoal infections
Immune deficiency severity varies depending on amount of thymus present
X-Linked SCID
No T or B cells
Immune emergency, failure to thrive
Severe PCP pneumonia and invasive fungal infections common
Common childhood infections can be fatal, not able to fight off anything
Person in a bubble
Chediak-Higashi Syndrome
Defect in membrane fusion
Giant cytoplasmic granules in lymphocytes, neutrophiils, monocytes and melanocytes
May be albino- unable to secrete melanin
Recurrent BACTERIAL and FUNGAL infections
Prolonged bleeding time
Young age of severe periodontitis
