Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Gen. Path > Viral Hepatitis > Flashcards

Viral Hepatitis Flashcards

(42 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

How many types of viral hepatitis?

A

5

A, B, C, D, E

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Which types are enteric transmission?

A

A and E

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What does enteric transmission mean?

A

GI system, transmitted through ingestion by something like dirty water with decal contamination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How are HBV, HCV and HDV transmitted?

A

Parenteral, blood tranmission

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Which type depends on the presence of another type?

A

Hep D depends on Hep B to be present, thus when we vaccinate against Hep B we are also doing so against Hep D

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Which type is classified as picornavirus?

A

HAV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Which type is classified as hepacivirus?

A

HCV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Which type is classified as hepadnavirus?

A

HBV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Which type is classified as hepevirus?

A

HEV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Which type is classified as deltavirus?

A

HDV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Which of the types have possible chronicity?

A

HBV and HDV uncommon

HCV common

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the pathway for acute viral hepatitis sign and symptom wise?

A

Flulike illness
Pre-icteric phase
Icteric phase (yellow appearance) with pre-icteric phase symptoms persisting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What does icteric mean?

A

Yellow or jaundice, jaundice means greenish yellow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What causes the yellow colour?

A

Accumulation of bilirubin by hepatocellular damage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Possible outcomes of acute viral hepatitis?

A

Recovery- no more signs and symptoms
Chronic infection- carrier state
Chronic active hepatitis- asymptomatic
Chronic active hepatitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Outcomes of chronic active hepatitis?

A

Liver cirrhosis
Portal hypertension
Portal thrombosis
Hepatic failure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the possible complications of chronic active hepatitis?

Study These Flashcards
A

Hepatocellular carcinoma

Extra-hepatic lesions

18
Q

What age group has highest percentage of developing chronic infection if infected with HBV?

Study These Flashcards
A

Neonates (90%), this is why vaccinate right away
25-50% as infants
5-10% as adults

19
Q

What percentage of HBV carriers develop chronic active hepatitis?

Study These Flashcards
A

25% of carriers

20
Q

What percentage of HCV infected individuals develop chronic infection/carrier state? What percentage develop chronic active hepatitis?

Study These Flashcards
A

80-90% carrier state

40-50% chronic active hepatitis

21
Q

Which hepatitis has the highest risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma?

22
Q

What is the most common chronic blood borne infection in the US?

23
Q

About what percent of chronic active HCV hepatitis patients progress to various degrees of liver cirrhosis?

24
Q

What type if necrosis is viewed histologically with chronic active hepatitis?

Study These Flashcards
A

“Piecemeal” necrosis, liver cells are replaced with chronic inflammation

25
How can the extent of chronic hepatitis be graded?
By the degree of activity (necrosis and inflammation)
26
How can the extent of chronic hepatitis be staged?
By the degree of fibrosis
27
What must be sought for treatment and why?
The etiology of the hepatitis. The treatment may depend on knowing the cause and chronic liver diseases of different etiologies may appear microscopically and grossly similar.
28
Infection with what types of HCV lead to more sever liver disease, faster progression to chronic hepatitis, and less responsiveness to therapy?
HCV type 1b and 4
29
What types of HCV have a more favourable prognosis?
Types 1a, 2, 3, and 5
30
What is the most common cause of macro nodular cirrhosis?
Viral hepatitis (B or C)
31
What is the widely used and established test for evaluation of disease severity in patients with liver cirrhosis?
Child-Pugh score
32
What other types of tests are there for evaluation of disease severity in patients with liver cirrhosis?
Liver biopsy- not used much due to invasive Breath test for 13C-methacetin MELD (Model for end-stage liver disease) score Imaging techniques like MRI and ultrasound
33
What type of hepatitis has extra-hepatic lesions?
HCV
34
What causes extra-hepatic lesions?
Caused by host immune response rather than the direct killing of the virus
35
What is a concern side-effect of extra-hepatic lesions?
Hyposalivation
36
Are patients with chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, or liver failure prone to have bleeding tendency?
NO | They are low in coagulation factors but also low in anti-coagulation factors (protein C and S) so it balances out.
37
What was found to be higher in patients with liver failure? What is the concern about this?
The generation of thrombin. Concern with generation of thrombus.
38
If a patient with liver disease does have bleeding problems what is it caused by?
Vascular abnormalities and portal hypertension, such as ruptured varicose or gastric ulcers. Increased platelet sequestration in the spleen as a result of congestive splenomegaly, related to portal hypertension.
39
What lab test can be used to predict patient bleeding tendency after dental surgery?
No reliable test, patient history and clinical signs are the best predictor (bleeding history, bruises)
40
What abnormalities exist in patients with liver disease that makes them hypercoagulable and prone to thrombus formation?
- High factor VIII - Low anticoagulants (antithrombin, protein C, protein S, tissue factor pathway inhibitor) - High VWF, low VWF-cleaving protease (ADAMTS-13) - low plasminogen, high plasminogen activator inhibitor
41
What is higher in patients with liver disease contributing to pro-thrombosis?
High VWF High factor VIII High plasminogen activator inhibitor
42
What is lower in patients with liver disease contributing to pro-thrombosis?
Low ADAMTS-13(VWF-cleaving protease) Low anticoagulants (antithrombin, protein C, protein S, tissue factor pathway inhibitor) Low plasminogen

Gen. Path (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions