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Immune system Flashcards

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0
Q

immunological conditions that can develop include

A

hypersensitivity response (allergies); immune deficiencies or autoimmune disorders

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1
Q

the body’s ability to protect its self from foreign agents or organisms

A

Immunity

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2
Q

a disorder where the body identifies it’s own cells as foreign and activates mechanisms to destroy them (lupus, RA)

A

autoimmune disorder

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3
Q

What does test determines the effectiveness of antimicrobials

A

C & S

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4
Q

in a C & S what does the small #mean

A

most potent and use last

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5
Q

in a C & S what does the large # mean

A

least effective so use first

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6
Q

B lymphocytes produce

A

antibodies

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7
Q

what kind of immunity is present at birth

A

natural immunity

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8
Q

what kind of immunity is it when antibodies develop as a result of exposure to disease or vaccine

A

active acquired immunity

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9
Q

what kind of immunity is it when antibodies obtained from an animal or another human who has been exposed to an antigen

A

passive acquired immunity

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10
Q

what diagnostic tests may be done to check for immunity

A

CBC, ESR, ANA, CD4, ELISA, RF, WBC, WESTERN BLOT, RAST

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11
Q

What type reaction occurs immediately upon exposure to a specific antigen

A

type 1

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12
Q

what is the most common reaction to type 1 reaction

A

allergic rhinitis

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13
Q

what type of reaction is the destruction of cells or substances with antigens attached that IgG or IgM senses as foreign

A

type 2 reaction

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14
Q

what type reaction is it when local reaction that is evident after several hrs

A

type 3 reaction

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15
Q

delayed reaction, involving sensitized t-cells coming in contact with an allergen

A

type 4 reaction

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16
Q

what is the most serious allergic reaction

A

anaphylaxis

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17
Q

vaccine=

A

dead microbes

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18
Q

toxoid=

A

weakened toxin

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19
Q

what syndrome is it when severe allergic rx causing the skin to slough off

A

steven johnson syndrome

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20
Q

what is the most common type of tissue transplant

A

blood

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21
Q

chills, n/v, back pain, fever, hypotension, hematuria, or oliguria these are signs and symptoms of

A

acute hemolytic

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22
Q

acute hemolytic symptoms result from

A

ABO incompatibility

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23
Q

when does acute hemolytic occur

A

usually within the 1st 15 mins of a transfusion, but can develop anytime during transfusion

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24
what lab do u get if s/s occur for an acute hemolytic
urine specimen
25
GI malfunction, resp. failure, and cardiovascular collapse occurring within minutes of starting transfusion is called
anaphylactic reaction
26
what do u do if anaphylactic reaction occurs during blood tranfusion
stop transfusion immediately, infuse normal saline, and administer emergency drugs
27
4 steps before administering blood
1. verify unit of blood with lab tech 2. verify unit of blood against the order on the chart 3. verify unit of blood with another licensed nurse 4. verify pt's blood band number with the BB number on the unit of blood
28
how is blood infused
1 unit should be infused in 4 hrs or less with v.s. q15 mins x4 and q30mins until infused
29
if transfusion reaction occurs what do u do
send blood tubing and a urine specimen to lab for a UA
30
chronic, systemic autoimmune disorder characterized by joint stiffness
rheumatoid arthritis
31
goals for management of RA
reduce inflammation, decrease pain, maintain normal joint function and promoting general health
32
medications for RA
ASA, NSAIDS, methatrexate, gribrel, corticosteroids and antimalarials
33
chronic, progressive, incurable autoimmune disorder that is characterized by periods of remission and exacerbation
SLE
34
11 criteria used for diagnosing SLE
malar rash, discoid rash, photosensitivity, oral ulcers, arthritis, serositis (inflammation of the lining of the heart or lungs), renal disorder, neurologic disorder, hematologic disorder, positive ANA, Immunologic disorder
35
the process of removing a pt's plasma, using a special machine to eliminate various cellular contaminants and then reinfusing the cleansed plasma back to the pt
plasmapheresis
36
an autoimmune disorder characterized by extreme muscle weakness and fatigue due to the body's inability to transmit nerve impulses to voluntary muscles
myasthenia gravis
37
what is diagnosed with a tensilon test
myasthenia gravis
38
diseases transmitted from one person to another is
communicable diseases
39
what disease is transmitted direct contact, droplet or airborne
chicken pox or variccella-zoster
40
what disease is caused by bacteria found in the mouth, nose and throat
pertussis-whooping cough
41
look in book at 1933-1936
w
42
how do u Dx german measles(rubella)
1st day head and upper torso is heavily covered; 3rd day lower half is heavily covered
43
what is the test of HIV
ELISA
44
to get HDV which other one must u have
HBV
45
what are the 2 primary lymphoid organs
thymus gland and bone marrow
46
name some peripheral lymphoid organs
lymph nodes, spleen, tonsils, appendix, and peyer's patches of the small intestines
47
what do the lymph nodes do
filter the lymphatic fluid and remove destroyed cellular matter
48
what is the spleen
a reservoir for macrophages, lymphocytes and plasma cells
49
WBC are
leukocytes
50
granulocytes have granules in the cytoplasm of the cell and include
eosinophils, neutrophils and basophis
51
agranulocytes do not have granular cytoplasms and include
monocytes and lymphocytes
52
which type of WBC detoxify foreign proteins in allergic reactions and parasitic reactions
eosinophils
53
which type of WBC are the most numerous of the WBC's
neutrophils
54
which type WBC contain heparin and histamine and serotonin
basophils
55
CD4 are the
helper cells and are low in people with aids
56
which are the largest WBC
monocytes
57
fifth disease is also called
erythema infectiosum and hand, foot and mouth disease
58
fifth disease is caused by
human parvovirus
59
rubella is also called
german measles
60
roseola is also called
sixth disease
61
what is the first stage of rubeola or measles
runny nose, cough and a slight fever; eyes reddened and sensitive to light
62
what is the second stage of rubeola
begins 3rd to 7th day; temp 103-105; koplik spots on gums and inside cheeks; red blotchy rash lasting 4-7 days on face and then spread over the entire body
63
mononucleosis
epstein-barr virus
64
with AIDS the CD4 results will be
less than 200
65
normal CD4 is
greater than 1000

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