Immune System

Question 1

1 lymphoid tissues

Answer 1

thymus gland and bone marrow

Question 2

2 lymphoid tissues

Answer 2

encapsulated- spleen and lymphoids

unencapsulated

Question 3

encapsulated

Answer 3

spleen-removes damaged red blood cells (phagocytosis)

lymphodes- contains immune cells to trap pathogens

Question 4

unendcapsulated

Answer 4

collections of immune cells in various tissues

includes tonsils, gut associated lymphoid tissues, peyers patches

Question 5

immune system functions

Answer 5

protection from pathogens
removal of dead or damaged tissue
recognition and removal abnormal cells

Question 6

microbes

Answer 6

include bacteria, viruses, fungi, one celled protozoans

Question 7

foreign substances

Answer 7

molecules or cells not of the body potentially can elicit an immune response

Question 8

innate immunity

Answer 8

present before pathogenic invasion, effective before birth; non specific
recognition of traits shared by broad ranges of pathogens using a small set of receptors
rapid resonse

Question 9

adaptive immunity

Answer 9

responds after exposure to pathogen, very specific to pathogen

Question 10

adaptive immunity

Answer 10

recognition of traits specific to particular pathogens, using a vast array of receptors
slower response
vertebrates only

Question 11

2 phagocytosis cells

Answer 11

macrophages

neutrophils

Question 12

macrophages

Answer 12

scavenger of tissues
remove larger particles
most phagocytic

Question 13

antigen

Answer 13

compound that activities immune response

Question 14

neutrophils

Answer 14

most abundant white blood cells

release a number of cytokines, involved in inflammatory response.

Question 15

internal defences

Answer 15

phagocytosis
fever production
antimicrobrial proteins
inflammatory response
natural killer cells

Question 16

antimicrobrial proteins

Answer 16

directly attack pathogens or interfere with their reproduction

Question 17

inflammatory response

Answer 17

increase temp, attraction of white blood cells and swelling associated with tissue injury or pathogenic infection

Question 18

histamine

Answer 18

released from mast cells and basophils
increased white blood cells to injury site
opens pores in capillaries
dilates blood vessels increasing blood flow to region

Question 19

antihistamines

Answer 19

prevent mast cell degranulation or block histamine receptors

Question 20

cytokines

Answer 20

molecules released from one cell that effect the growth or activity of another cell
attract other immune cells to site
induce fever

Question 21

natural killer cells

Answer 21

attack virus cells by recognizing certain protein signatures on these cells and triggering apotosis
release perforins ( pore forming proteins)
granzymes (proteases)

Question 22

acquired immune response

Answer 22

the body recognizes specific foreign substance and selectively reacts to it

Question 23

B lymphocytes

Answer 23

formed in bone marrow
provide primary and secondary antibody responses
primarily secrete antibodies
recognize intact antigens

Question 24

T lymphocytes

Answer 24

derived from lymphocytes that have migrated to the thymus gland form the bone marrow
participate in cell mediated immunity
recognize small fragments of antigens bound to MHC molecules

Question 25

MHC

Answer 25

major histocompatability complex

Question 26

clonal expansion

Answer 26

selective proliferation and differentiation of lymphocytes that occurs the first time the body is exposed to a particular antigen

Question 27

passive immunity

Answer 27

when a person is given antibodies made by another organism

antivenoms

Question 28

anit venoms

Answer 28

pre made antibodies against toxin

Question 29

immunization(vaccination)

Answer 29

injection of non-pathogenic components of a pathogen in order to mound a secondary response later

Question 30

MAC: membrane attack complex

Answer 30

a series of 5 complement proteins form a pore in the membrane causing a loss of ion distributions

Question 31

allergy

Answer 31

inflammatory immune system response to a nonpathogenic antigen

Question 32

anaphylactic shock

Answer 32

massive constriction in bronchioles
dilation of peripheral vessels
drop in blood pressure

Question 33

self tolerance

Answer 33

lack of response of lymphocytes to cells of the body

Question 34

autoimmune diseases

Answer 34

body makes antibodies against own cells

through t cell activated b lymphocytes