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Immune system Flashcards

Immune system

1
Q

What are the 4 types of breast cancer

A

Luminal A
Luminal B
Luminal HER2
Basal-like: HR- and HER2-

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2
Q

What is characteristic of Lumina A

A

Low ki-67
Low proliferation
HER2-negative

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3
Q

Luminal B characteristics

A

ER-positive cells
high Ki-67 expression
HER2 negative and one of worst prognosis

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4
Q

Luminal HER2 characteristics

A

ER- positive cells and HER2- positive

HER2- enriched

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5
Q

Basal like characterstics

A

HR- negative
HER2 negative
described as unruly teenagers

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6
Q

What is prognosis adversely affected by

A 
ER negative
PR negative HER2 positive
Elevated Ki-67
Higher tumor grade
Lower albumin
Lymphovascular invasion
BRCA status
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7
Q

What is the most important prognostic marker for breast cancer

A

tumor size and presence of malignant disease in regional lymph nodes

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8
Q

Prognostic biomarkers of breast cancer

A 
Vitamin D- low associated with breast cancer
Circulating Tumor cells
COMT- estrogen metabolites( 3 URT)
IGF-1: insulin Growth Factor1- stimulate cancer cell proliferation
C-peptide( insulin)
Galactin-3
Cortisol function
Thyroid Function
Various inflammation biomarkers
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9
Q

What are natural breast cancer strategies

A 
Diet: high amount fruit, veggies, poultry, fish, low fat dairy and whole grain
Weight
Fat intake
Soy- reduce risk of breast cancer
Exercise- 2.5 hours of moderate physical activity
Sleep
Stress management
Dietary supplements
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10
Q

Causes of autoimmunity

A

stress in all forms: toxic, infectious, inflammatory, emotional and cognitive, Hormonal, GI

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11
Q

What percent of population have reactions to foods

A

20%

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12
Q

What are the 4 yes of food sensitivty

A

IgE- reaction- occurs within 2 hours of eating- release histamine
IgG or IgM- delayed hypersensitivity
Immune complex- delay hypersensitivty- days to weeks
Cell mediated delayed hypersensitvity

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13
Q

What is the chain reaction for food sensitivities/allergies

A

allergen->immune detect particle->release antibody as needed to pathogen->release histamine, photolytic enzymes or leuokotyine and cytokines-> allergic reaction

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14
Q

Symptoms of immediate onset allergy/sensitvity

A

tighten of throat, nasuea, cramps, diarrhea, anaphylaxis can happen- immune reaction will almost always provoke with single food- fixed food allergy

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15
Q

Tests to diagnose food allergies/sensitvities

A

Prick test
Intradermal test
Elimination Diet
RAST test

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16
Q

Types of Immunological Allergy testing

A 
IgG testing-75% of all circulating antibodies, delayed response
IgG(4)- slow occurring 24-48 hours later
IgG and IgA- mediated food allergy, 
ALCAT
Sage ELISA delayed food allergy test
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17
Q

What is the ALCAT test

A

Antigen Leukocyte Cellular Antibody Test
-look at leukocyte in whole blood
relies on one specific pathway

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18
Q

What is Sage ELISA test

A

looks at IgG and immune complexes at different levels-specifically IgG2 and 3 reactions
Most comprehensive test for delayed food reactions

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19
Q

What is Secratory IgA

A

first line of defense

lives in nose and lungs

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20
Q

What are defenses of SigA

A

non-specific
covers invasion like an orange with cloves
is only immunoglobulin that does its work without creating an systemic response
decreases body’s secretions, decrease immune defense
targets against macrophages and anything that might be harmful

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21
Q

Where does sigA come from

A

B-Lymphocytes
attaches and enters gut lumen
Peyer’s patches play a role

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22
Q

What are function of sigA

A

inhibition of adherence to pathogen
Mucus trapping
Viral neutralization
Neutralization of enzyme and toxin
Inhibition of antigen penetration into intestinal lining
Interaction with antimicrobial factors such as lactoferrin and lysozyme
Involved in oral toerlance

23
Q

What are Roles of sigA

A

target microorganism that don’t have right identifier
prevent inflammation
maintain integrity of lining of gut barrier

24
Q

What suppresses sigA

A

cortisol- especially bottomed out

25
What testing for sigA
stool test for but and saliva for mouth and throat
26
How to improve sigA
``` Vitamin A Glutamine Colostrum Sialex Gooseberry Zinc- with vitamin A and L-Glutamine tough to increase if still significant gut issues/infection ```
27
What is a virus
``` small in size no built in metabolic machinery no ribosomes only one type of nucleic acid- either DNA or RNA not both Do not grow in size Need a host to grow and multiply ```
28
What is CMV
``` Cytomegalovirus member of herpes most often transmitted to child at birth some have mono symptoms Lives dormant until immune system suppressed ```
29
What is EBV
Epstein-Barr infects most people during their lives mono symptoms transmission needs contact of saliva of infected person
30
What is Herpes virus-1
causes cold sores | spread by social kiss
31
What is Herpes-2
genital herpes spread sexual contact painful sores in genital area
32
Clinical protocol for viruses?
history evaluate primary immune function Monolaurin-natural theraptic
33
What is Monolaurin
natural therapeutic for viruses anti-viral agent found in breast milk and amniotic fluid able to dissolve membrane of 14 different types of viruses bypass the lipid envelope of virus and dissolves its main defense inactivate the virus- can't replicate and disseminate its infection throughout the body
34
What are predictive Biomarkers
a look at Epigenetics- 92% choices, 8% gene expression Metabolic and high sensitivity biomarkers for immune function
35
What is part of the innate immune system?
healthy skin, nose mouth, lungs and GI tract provides immediate defense to anything foreign, repairs and anti-cancer as able eliminate foreign invaders before they get in
36
What is adaptive immune system
Natural: passive and active Cel mediated- T cell Antibody mediated- B Cell
37
What percent of immune systems have a leaky gut
75%
38
What signs of healthy immune system
no allergies neutralizes infections and allergens repairs us from daily damage and defends Dendritic WHC recycle 50 pathogenic cells
39
Signs of overburdened immune system
``` constant defense mode repair function postponed repair deficient- inflammation chronic illness allergens provoke symtpoms ```
40
How to look for delayed hypersensitivity in immune system
Lymphocyte response: hsLRA <3#
41
What does LRA look at
simple ounce of blood sample- over 500 items tested looks at ID substrate ID common substances overburdening patients Strong reaction-avoid for 6 months Moderate reaction- avoid for 3 months and supplement according
42
what is hsLRA
looks at lymphocytes under condition all 3 delayed in allergy path its advanced method with very few false positive
43
How to repair
``` for chronic illness: vitamin C- Dark fruits- super foods B-methyl cofactors BioDetox High Sulfur foods Aceylenese and EPA/DHEA ```
44
How does cancer occur
when a group of cells fail to differentiate properly
45
What is the TH1 system
protects from immediate mutation and circulation of cancer cells
46
What are natural killer cells
cells supposed to kill foreign cells | NK-> activation receptor->target uses MCH1 angten and will then take out cell
47
What factors affect possible cancer and treating cancer
``` Adrenal function Hormone imbalance Nutrient Depletion Insulin Dysregulation Weight Inflammation GI health Sleep Stress ```
48
How to build immunity
``` Stress hardiness- adrenal, hormones and neuroendocrine Nutrition- plant based diet , vitamin C, myers, glutathione Liver detox Stress management Sleep well ```
49
Explain depression from functional medicine
Gut oxiddative stress HPA/hormonal disturbance Neurotransmittter
50
Biomarkers to look at Depression
c-reactive protein-inflammation | Cyokines
51
How to explain depression from FM perspective
Cortisol- high( pain and not good sleep), Low( fatigue, hypoglycemia/hypotension) Chronic Stress Inflammation
52
Lifestyle interventions for the treatment of depression
Meditation 2x a week HIIT training Food- ancestral diet
53
Foods for treatment of depression and anxiety
Ancestral diet whole and local plants speak to mitochondria if have reactive hypoglycemia- increase fats carbohydrates- moderate amount better for women
54
Therapeutic foods for depression
``` gelatin coconut oil liver turmeric curcumin- studied against prozac fermented foods ```

Functional Med University (7 decks)

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