Immune system Flashcards
What are the functions of Lymph
- Normally, filtration of fluid out of the capillaries is slightly greater than absorption of fluid into the capillaries.
- The excess filtered fluid is returned to the circulation via lymph.
- One-way flap valves permits interstitial fluid to enter, but not leave the lymph vessels.
Edema occurs when?
- Occurs when the volume of interstitial fluid exceeds the capacity of the lymphatics to return to its circulation
- Can be caused by excess filtration or blocked lymphatics
Blockage of lympatics can be due to?
- Cancer
- Surgery
- Infections
This bacteria can cause blockage of lympatics
Wuchereria bancrofti
Causes Filariasis or Elephantitis
The body immune system entails four deferent systems which are?
- Antibody mediated (humoral) immunity – consist of B lymphocytes
- Cell mediated immunity – consist of T lymphocytes
- Complement system
- Phagocytes
These lymphocytes make up humoral immunity
B lymphocytes
These lymphocytes make up cell mediated immunity
T lymphocytes
Humoral immunity
Antibody mediated immunity
Immune system is composed of which 2 types of cells
- White blood cells (leukocytes)
- Tissue cells derived from white blood cells
Immune cells work together by two ways
- By actually destroying invading bacteria or virus by phagocytosis
- By forming antibodies and sensitized lymphocytes which destroy or inactivate the invaders
Leukocytes are made up of 2 types of cells which are?
Granulocutes
Agranulocytes
Name 3 granulocytes
Basophiles, eosinophils, neutrophils
Name 2 agranulocytes
lymphocytes, monocytes
Mobile units of defense that seek out and destroy a foreign invader
Leukocytes
Normal leukocyte count
4,000 – 10,000/ mL
Acute inflammatory response cell “first responders”
Neutrophiils
mixture of dead neutrophils is
PUS
Normal Neutrophil count
40%-75% of WBCs
These cells contain granules with heparin , histamine and bradykinin
Basophils
Defend against worm infection e.g. pinworm
Eosinophils- 2%
Cells with Large kidney shaped nucleus that are differentiated into macrophages in tissues
Monocytes (5%)
Degranulation of mast cells leads to release of?
Release of histamine, bradykinin, heparin , Slow reacting substance of anaphylaxis (SRS-A)
These cells Involve in type I hypersensitivity
Mast cells
Neutrophils
- Acute inflammatory response cell “first responders”
- Phagocytic cells
- 40%-75% of WBCs
- Multilobed nucleus (polys)
- Contain lysosomes with hydrolytic enzymes and oxidases
- “PUS” is a mixture of dead neutrophils







