Immune System Overview Flashcards
(29 cards)
Why does immunisation against influenza need to be repeated each year?
Due to the constant mutation of the virus, which requires updated vaccines.
How has it been possible to eliminate smallpox from the world population?
Through widespread vaccination efforts.
Why can viruses be classified as living and non-living?
They exhibit characteristics of both living organisms and non-living entities.
Explain why all viruses could be considered parasites.
Because they depend on host cells for replication and survival.
What does the term retrovirus mean?
A virus that replicates its genetic material in a host cell by converting its RNA into DNA.
Define the immune system and its components.
The immune system is a complex network of cells and proteins that defends the body against infection.
Identify the key cells of the immune system.
- B cells
- T cells
- Macrophages
- Dendritic cells
- Natural killer cells
What are the key differences between innate and adaptive immune response?
- Innate: non-specific, immediate response
- Adaptive: specific, slower response with memory
How many different types of antibodies are there?
Five different types.
What are the two main types of immunity?
- Natural immunity
- Artificial immunity
What triggers an immune response?
The presence of antigens in the body.
What is the role of lymphoid tissues and organs in the immune system?
They are involved in the development and maturation of lymphocytes.
What are the primary lymphoid organs?
- Bone marrow
- Thymus gland
What are the secondary lymphoid organs?
- Spleen
- Adenoids
- Tonsils
What is the common progenitor cell in bone marrow?
Pluripotent hematopoietic stem cell.
What is the principal phagocytic cell of innate immunity?
Neutrophil.
What is the function of eosinophils?
Principal defender against parasites.
What are mast cells associated with?
Allergic reactions and modulation of the immune response.
What type of immunity do B cells provide?
Antibody-mediated immunity (humoral immunity).
What is the role of T cells in the immune system?
They provide cell-mediated immunity.
What are the functional types of T cells?
- Helper (CD4 T cells)
- Cytotoxic (CD8 T cells)
- Regulatory T cells
What is the complement system?
A group of proteins that enhance the ability of antibodies and phagocytic cells to clear pathogens.
What is the difference between naturally acquired and artificially acquired immunity?
- Naturally acquired: through natural exposure to pathogens
- Artificially acquired: through vaccination
What is the significance of World Immunization Week?
To promote vaccination awareness and access globally.
