immunity

Question 1

what are the two types of immunity?

Answer 1

innate and adaptive

Question 2

which animals have innate immunity

Answer 2

all

Question 3

which animals have acquired immunity?`

Answer 3

vertebrates only

Question 4

what are the two types of innate immunity?

Answer 4

Barrier Defense and Internal Defence

Question 5

examples of barrier defense

Answer 5

skin, mucous membranes, secretions,

Question 6

examples of internal defense

Answer 6

phagocytic cells, natural killer cells, antimicrobial proteins, inflammatory response.

Question 7

Adaptive Immunity is broken down into 2 types:

Answer 7

Humeral (fluid/free floating) and Cell Mediated (specific)

Question 8

what are the functions of mucous cells

Answer 8

they do nothing but produce mucous. (like old ladies make food for people in hard times)

Question 9

what is the biggest difference between adaptive and innate immunity?

Answer 9

innate just kills stuff it doesn’t recognize. Adaptive very specific and finds ways to kill it’s enemies.

Question 10

what is the direct response to histamine?

Answer 10

vasodilation ONLY. Swelling, heat, etc are indirect “side effects”

Question 11

what are TRLs and what do they do?

Answer 11

Toll-like Receptor. They initiate innate immune response by recognizing things that should not be in animal cells (like double stranded RNA or CpG DNA)

Question 12

what are interferons

Answer 12

They are released by virally infected cells and enter other cells to “warn them”

Question 13

what releases defensins

Answer 13

Macrophages

Question 14

what cells participate in the Humeral response

Answer 14

B-cell and Helper T-cell

Question 15

What cells participate in the Cell mediated response?

Answer 15

Cytotoxic T-Cells and Helper T-Cells

Question 16

What happens if the granzyme produced by the Cytotoxic-T Cell doesn’t kill the perforated Cell?

Answer 16

The b cells will get it because it is now free floating.

Question 17

difference between T and B cell antigen receptors

Answer 17

B-Cell has 2 light and 2 heavy chains and T-Cell has Alpha and Beta Chains

Question 18

IgM

Answer 18

(Pentamer) First response, related to time since last exposure

Question 19

IgG

Answer 19

(monomer) crosses placenta, most common in blood

Question 20

IgA

Answer 20

(dimer)Present in secretions including mucous and breast milk

Question 21

IgE

Answer 21

(monomer) Allergic reactions

Question 22

IgD

Answer 22

(monomer) on virgin B cells

Question 23

What do dendrite cells do

Answer 23

Promote adaptive immunity. exist outside of lymph system but migrate into it after exposure to pathogens.