Immunity Flashcards

(53 cards)

0
Q

What is the second line of defense against injury?

A

Immunity

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1
Q

What is the first line of defense against injury?

A

Inflammation

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2
Q

The acquired immune response defends the body against injury particularly against microorganisms. what does this response to do when an organism enters the body a second time?

A

It responds by remembering that micro organism.

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3
Q

Which response does not involve memory and is described with the first line of defense of inflammation?

A

Innate

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4
Q

Antigens are also foreign nonself substances which are also called what?

A

Immunogens

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5
Q

Antigens mainly consist of proteins and are microorganisms and they are field with what?

A

Toxins

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6
Q

What term is used to describe when the body does not recognize antigens

A

Immunodeficiency

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7
Q

What term is used for the body that over reacts to antigens

A

Hypersensitivity

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8
Q

Antigens being nonself include which of the following?

Organ transplant
Tissue graft
Blood transfusions

A

All

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9
Q

What is the cell that is primarily WBC involved in the Immune response?

A

Lymphocyte

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10
Q

In AIDS patients a certain sale is abnormal which sale is this

A

Natural killer cell

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11
Q

Where are lymphocytes derived from and what is the percentage of van that makes up the white blood cell portion?

A

Bone marrow

20-25%

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12
Q

What are the three main types of lymphocytes?

A

B cell
T cell
NK cell

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13
Q

B cells develop from stem cells in the bone marrow they reside in mature in what kind of tissue

A

Lymphoid tissue/tonsils

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14
Q

The basic (Ig) structure of an antibody or immunoglobulin forms a Y shape describe the polypeptide chains.

A

There are 4 polypeptide chains.
Two identical heavy polypeptides
and two identical light polypeptides

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15
Q

There are two main types of B cells: memory and plasma cell.

which one retains memory of antigen

A

B memory

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16
Q

How does the B memory cell perform clonal selection?

A

It duplicates itself in order to have the capacity to recognize the antigen

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17
Q

Plasma cells produce and release copies of particular proteins in response to the presence of an antigen.

What are these proteins called

A

Antibodies

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18
Q

Antibodies are also called what

A

Immunoglobulins

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19
Q

Name the five different types of immunoglobulins

A

MADGE

Igm 
Iga 
Igd 
Igg 
Ige
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20
Q
Describe what the immunoglobulins do. 
Igm
Iga 
Igd 
Igg 
Ige
A
M.  First to react
A.  Tears, breastmilk
D.   Activates B cell
G.   75% of serum, passes thru placenta
E.    Parasites and histamine
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21
Q

What is the level of a specific antibodies in the blood called

A

Antibody Titer

22
Q

How is antibody titer measured

A

Laboratory tests

23
Q

What is the combination of a specific antibody with a specific antigen

24
Where does the T lymphocytes mature
Thymus
25
What lymphocyte his large at infancy and shrinks as individuals mature
T cell
26
What are the four types of T cells
T helper T suppressor T memory T cytotoxic
27
What does the T-helper cells do
It increases the function of the B cell by a CD4 receptor
28
What does the T suppressor cell do?
Turns off the Bcell
29
What does the T cytotoxic cells do
Carries a CD8 marker and kills viruses and neoplasticism cells ( cancer )
30
Cytokines activate macrophages the first cytokine discovered was a ________which has antiviral properties
Interferon
31
Natural killer cells are part of the body's inmate immunity What is their ability
To destroy foreign cells as soon as they recognize him without having to use antigens.
32
Macrophages are mediators during inflammation and immunity. It does not retain memory therefore what must happen?
It has to be reactivated
33
In mucosal tissue there is a specialized dendritic cell type called what
Langerhans cells
34
Another name for immunomodulator
Cytokine
35
What are the 2 major divisions of the immune response
Humoral and cell mediated
36
Inflammation is not capable of memory What do we retain after memory is achieved
Immunity
37
Describe passive immunitiy
Mother passing antibodies through placenta Can also be acquired
38
Describe active immunity
Acquired for natural Vaccines or boosters
39
What type of active immunity vaccine should dental personnel get?
Hep B
40
Define Live attenuated (vaccines)
Reduction in severity/potency
41
Definition. The study of diseases caused by the malfunctioning of the immune system
ImmunoPathology
42
Give two examples of immunopathology
Hypersensitivity and autoimmune disease
43
A.k.a. allergic reactions
Hypersensitivity
44
Type I hypersensitivity
Anaphylactic shock
45
Type II hypersensitivity
RH incompatibility/cytotoxic
46
Type III
Lupus/immune complex
47
IV and example
Delayed hypersensitivity TB test Transplant rejection
48
What is another name for the tuberculin test
Purified protein derivative PPD
49
How many deaths per year in the United States are caused from penicillin
300
50
What is the recognition called that deals with autoimmune disease is
Immunologic tolerance
51
Immunodeficiencies can be congenital or acquired
True
52
20% of the population get these More common in females Get this from emotional stress and citrus foods Menstruatio and systemic diseases
Aphthous ulcers