Immunity

Question 0

What is the second line of defense against injury?

Answer 0

Immunity

Question 1

What is the first line of defense against injury?

Answer 1

Inflammation

Question 2

The acquired immune response defends the body against injury particularly against microorganisms. what does this response to do when an organism enters the body a second time?

Answer 2

It responds by remembering that micro organism.

Question 3

Which response does not involve memory and is described with the first line of defense of inflammation?

Answer 3

Innate

Question 4

Antigens are also foreign nonself substances which are also called what?

Answer 4

Immunogens

Question 5

Antigens mainly consist of proteins and are microorganisms and they are field with what?

Answer 5

Toxins

Question 6

What term is used to describe when the body does not recognize antigens

Answer 6

Immunodeficiency

Question 7

What term is used for the body that over reacts to antigens

Answer 7

Hypersensitivity

Question 8

Antigens being nonself include which of the following?

Organ transplant
Tissue graft
Blood transfusions

Answer 8

All

Question 9

What is the cell that is primarily WBC involved in the Immune response?

Answer 9

Lymphocyte

Question 10

In AIDS patients a certain sale is abnormal which sale is this

Answer 10

Natural killer cell

Question 11

Where are lymphocytes derived from and what is the percentage of van that makes up the white blood cell portion?

Answer 11

Bone marrow

20-25%

Question 12

What are the three main types of lymphocytes?

Answer 12

B cell
T cell
NK cell

Question 13

B cells develop from stem cells in the bone marrow they reside in mature in what kind of tissue

Answer 13

Lymphoid tissue/tonsils

Question 14

The basic (Ig) structure of an antibody or immunoglobulin forms a Y shape describe the polypeptide chains.

Answer 14

There are 4 polypeptide chains.
Two identical heavy polypeptides
and two identical light polypeptides

Question 15

There are two main types of B cells: memory and plasma cell.

which one retains memory of antigen

Answer 15

B memory

Question 16

How does the B memory cell perform clonal selection?

Answer 16

It duplicates itself in order to have the capacity to recognize the antigen

Question 17

Plasma cells produce and release copies of particular proteins in response to the presence of an antigen.

What are these proteins called

Answer 17

Antibodies

Question 18

Antibodies are also called what

Answer 18

Immunoglobulins

Question 19

Name the five different types of immunoglobulins

Answer 19

MADGE

Igm 
Iga 
Igd 
Igg 
Ige

Question 20

Describe what the immunoglobulins do. 
Igm
Iga 
Igd 
Igg 
Ige

Answer 20

M.  First to react
A.  Tears, breastmilk
D.   Activates B cell
G.   75% of serum, passes thru placenta
E.    Parasites and histamine

Question 21

What is the level of a specific antibodies in the blood called

Answer 21

Antibody Titer

Question 22

How is antibody titer measured

Answer 22

Laboratory tests

Question 23

What is the combination of a specific antibody with a specific antigen

Answer 23

Emu complex

Question 24

Where does the T lymphocytes mature

Answer 24

Thymus

Question 25

What lymphocyte his large at infancy and shrinks as individuals mature

Answer 25

T cell

Question 26

What are the four types of T cells

Answer 26

T helper T suppressor T memory T cytotoxic

Question 27

What does the T-helper cells do

Answer 27

It increases the function of the B cell by a CD4 receptor

Question 28

What does the T suppressor cell do?

Answer 28

Turns off the Bcell

Question 29

What does the T cytotoxic cells do

Answer 29

Carries a CD8 marker and kills viruses and neoplasticism cells ( cancer )

Question 30

Cytokines activate macrophages the first cytokine discovered was a ________which has antiviral properties

Answer 30

Interferon

Question 31

Natural killer cells are part of the body's inmate immunity What is their ability

Answer 31

To destroy foreign cells as soon as they recognize him without having to use antigens.

Question 32

Macrophages are mediators during inflammation and immunity. It does not retain memory therefore what must happen?

Answer 32

It has to be reactivated

Question 33

In mucosal tissue there is a specialized dendritic cell type called what

Answer 33

Langerhans cells

Question 34

Another name for immunomodulator

Answer 34

Cytokine

Question 35

What are the 2 major divisions of the immune response

Answer 35

Humoral and cell mediated

Question 36

Inflammation is not capable of memory What do we retain after memory is achieved

Answer 36

Immunity

Question 37

Describe passive immunitiy

Answer 37

Mother passing antibodies through placenta Can also be acquired

Question 38

Describe active immunity

Answer 38

Acquired for natural Vaccines or boosters

Question 39

What type of active immunity vaccine should dental personnel get?

Answer 39

Hep B

Question 40

Define Live attenuated (vaccines)

Answer 40

Reduction in severity/potency

Question 41

Definition. The study of diseases caused by the malfunctioning of the immune system

Answer 41

ImmunoPathology

Question 42

Give two examples of immunopathology

Answer 42

Hypersensitivity and autoimmune disease

Question 43

A.k.a. allergic reactions

Answer 43

Hypersensitivity

Question 44

Type I hypersensitivity

Answer 44

Anaphylactic shock

Question 45

Type II hypersensitivity

Answer 45

RH incompatibility/cytotoxic

Question 46

Type III

Answer 46

Lupus/immune complex

Question 47

IV and example

Answer 47

Delayed hypersensitivity TB test Transplant rejection

Question 48

What is another name for the tuberculin test

Answer 48

Purified protein derivative PPD

Question 49

How many deaths per year in the United States are caused from penicillin

Answer 49

300

Question 50

What is the recognition called that deals with autoimmune disease is

Answer 50

Immunologic tolerance

Question 51

Immunodeficiencies can be congenital or acquired

Answer 51

True

Question 52

20% of the population get these More common in females Get this from emotional stress and citrus foods Menstruatio and systemic diseases

Answer 52

Aphthous ulcers