Flashcards in Immunity Deck (53)
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What is the first line of defense against injury?
Inflammation
1
What is the second line of defense against injury?
Immunity
2
The acquired immune response defends the body against injury particularly against microorganisms. what does this response to do when an organism enters the body a second time?
It responds by remembering that micro organism.
3
Which response does not involve memory and is described with the first line of defense of inflammation?
Innate
4
Antigens are also foreign nonself substances which are also called what?
Immunogens
5
Antigens mainly consist of proteins and are microorganisms and they are field with what?
Toxins
6
What term is used to describe when the body does not recognize antigens
Immunodeficiency
7
What term is used for the body that over reacts to antigens
Hypersensitivity
8
Antigens being nonself include which of the following?
Organ transplant
Tissue graft
Blood transfusions
All
9
What is the cell that is primarily WBC involved in the Immune response?
Lymphocyte
10
In AIDS patients a certain sale is abnormal which sale is this
Natural killer cell
11
Where are lymphocytes derived from and what is the percentage of van that makes up the white blood cell portion?
Bone marrow
20-25%
12
What are the three main types of lymphocytes?
B cell
T cell
NK cell
13
B cells develop from stem cells in the bone marrow they reside in mature in what kind of tissue
Lymphoid tissue/tonsils
14
The basic (Ig) structure of an antibody or immunoglobulin forms a Y shape describe the polypeptide chains.
There are 4 polypeptide chains.
Two identical heavy polypeptides
and two identical light polypeptides
15
There are two main types of B cells: memory and plasma cell.
which one retains memory of antigen
B memory
16
How does the B memory cell perform clonal selection?
It duplicates itself in order to have the capacity to recognize the antigen
17
Plasma cells produce and release copies of particular proteins in response to the presence of an antigen.
What are these proteins called
Antibodies
18
Antibodies are also called what
Immunoglobulins
19
Name the five different types of immunoglobulins
MADGE
Igm
Iga
Igd
Igg
Ige
20
Describe what the immunoglobulins do.
Igm
Iga
Igd
Igg
Ige
M. First to react
A. Tears, breastmilk
D. Activates B cell
G. 75% of serum, passes thru placenta
E. Parasites and histamine
21
What is the level of a specific antibodies in the blood called
Antibody Titer
22
How is antibody titer measured
Laboratory tests
23
What is the combination of a specific antibody with a specific antigen
Emu complex
24
Where does the T lymphocytes mature
Thymus
25
What lymphocyte his large at infancy and shrinks as individuals mature
T cell
26
What are the four types of T cells
T helper
T suppressor
T memory
T cytotoxic
27
What does the T-helper cells do
It increases the function of the B cell by a CD4 receptor
28
What does the T suppressor cell do?
Turns off the Bcell
29
What does the T cytotoxic cells do
Carries a CD8 marker and kills viruses and neoplasticism cells ( cancer )
30
Cytokines activate macrophages the first cytokine discovered was a ________which has antiviral properties
Interferon
31
Natural killer cells are part of the body's inmate immunity
What is their ability
To destroy foreign cells as soon as they recognize him without having to use antigens.
32
Macrophages are mediators during inflammation and immunity. It does not retain memory therefore what must happen?
It has to be reactivated
33
In mucosal tissue there is a specialized dendritic cell type called what
Langerhans cells
34
Another name for immunomodulator
Cytokine
35
What are the 2 major divisions of the immune response
Humoral and cell mediated
36
Inflammation is not capable of memory
What do we retain after memory is achieved
Immunity
37
Describe passive immunitiy
Mother passing antibodies through placenta
Can also be acquired
38
Describe active immunity
Acquired for natural
Vaccines or boosters
39
What type of active immunity vaccine should dental personnel get?
Hep B
40
Define Live attenuated (vaccines)
Reduction in severity/potency
41
Definition.
The study of diseases caused by the malfunctioning of the immune system
ImmunoPathology
42
Give two examples of immunopathology
Hypersensitivity and autoimmune disease
43
A.k.a. allergic reactions
Hypersensitivity
44
Type I hypersensitivity
Anaphylactic shock
45
Type II hypersensitivity
RH incompatibility/cytotoxic
46
Type III
Lupus/immune complex
47
IV and example
Delayed hypersensitivity
TB test
Transplant rejection
48
What is another name for the tuberculin test
Purified protein derivative PPD
49
How many deaths per year in the United States are caused from penicillin
300
50
What is the recognition called that deals with autoimmune disease is
Immunologic tolerance
51
Immunodeficiencies can be congenital or acquired
True
52
