Immunity

Question 1

Which division of the immune system is non-specific?

Answer 1

innate

Question 2

Which division of the immune system is specific?

Answer 2

Acquired - after initial exposure

Question 3

The complement system is a part of which system?

Answer 3

Innate

Question 4

Complement uses (OILCAN) a series of activities:

Answer 4

opsonization
Inflammation
Lysis
chemotaxis
agglutination
Neutralization

Question 5

Complement fragments known as ______ bind to the surface of bacteria in opsonization.

Answer 5

opsonin

Question 6

Which complement increase the binding of bacteria for phagocytosis?

Answer 6

C3b and C4b

Question 7

Inflammation by activation of ______ in anaphylaxis. Which complement?

Answer 7

Mast

C3a, C4a, and C5a

Question 8

Lysis is due to the formation of the ______. Which complement?

Answer 8

Membrane attach complex (MAC)

C5b6789

Question 9

What is it called to attract specific white blood cells to the area? Which type of complement?)

Answer 9

chemotaxis

C5a

Question 10

Changes in the surface of the invading bacteria that make then sticky.

Answer 10

agglutination

Question 11

Neutralization of the toxic sites on the surface of what?

Answer 11

The antigen

Question 12

Specific or acquire immunity involves the production of what?

Answer 12

antibodies

Question 13

Antibodies are made against specific what?

Answer 13

Foreign antigens

Question 14

The antibodies are made by what?

Answer 14

lymphocytes

Question 15

These molecules are usually large and complex and generate antibody.

Answer 15

antigens

Question 16

Smaller molecules called _____ may also stimulate antibody production.

Answer 16

haptens

Question 17

Haptens ONLY stimulate antibody production if attached to a _______ for initial presentation to the immune system.

Answer 17

proteins

Question 18

Specific immune responses rely on?

Answer 18

lymphocytes

Question 19

Specific immunity may be mediated by either:

Answer 19

Humeral response or

Cell-mediated response

Question 20

Which type of specific immunity is antibody? Which is no-antibodies?

Answer 20

Antibody- humeral

None- cell-mediated

Question 21

What is it called when some tissues will tolerate antigens without eliciting an inflammatory response?

Answer 21

immunologically privileged

Question 22

Which areas of the body are immunologically privileged?

Answer 22

Brain, eye, testis, and the fetus

Question 23

Production of immune cells include:

Answer 23

TNF, Immunoglobulin, cytokines, transformation growth factor (TICT)

Question 24

Cytokines are produced by which cells and lymphokines are produced by what?

Answer 24

Cells in general

lymphocytes

Question 25

What types of cytokines are there?

Answer 25

Lymphokines, interferons, interleukins 1-18

Question 26

Antibody mediated immunity depends on___ and ____ lymphocytes.

Answer 26

T and C

Question 27

These cells are involved in the generation of humeral immunity.

Answer 27

B celss

Question 28

B lymphocytes mature where?

Answer 28

Bone marrow

Question 29

By lymphocytes aka?

Answer 29

Plasma cells

Question 30

Which cells make antibodies in the form of immunoglobulin?

Answer 30

b lymphocytes aka plasma cells

Question 31

90% of circulating lymphocytes are which kind?

Answer 31

T lymphocytes

Question 32

T lymphocytes mature where?

Answer 32

thymus

Question 33

These lymphocytes are involved in cell mediated immunity.

Answer 33

T lymphocytes

Question 34

T cell precursors in the bone marrow go to the thymus where they differentiate into ______ and ____ T cells.

Answer 34

CD8 or CD4

Question 35

Which T cell becomes cytotoxic?

Answer 35

CD8 T cells

Question 36

CD8 T cells kill what?

Answer 36

Virus-infected, neoplasia, donor graft cells

Question 37

Which ones differentiate into helper T cells?

Answer 37

CD4 T cells

Question 38

T helper cells further become?

Answer 38

Th1 and Th2

Question 39

Which Th cells activate macrophages?

Answer 39

Th1

Question 40

Which Th cells help B cells make antibodies?

Answer 40

CD4 T cells

Question 41

Antibodies belong to a class of proteins called?

Answer 41

Immunoglobulins (Ig)

Question 42

The Ig is in the shape of a "__"

Answer 42

Y

Question 43

The Fc region is which part of the "Y"

Answer 43

tail

Question 44

The Fab is which part of the "Y"

Answer 44

arms

Question 45

Which region is responsible for the antigen binding specifically?

Answer 45

Fab

Question 46

Which determines the type of immunoglobulin?

Answer 46

Fc

Question 47

Which is the most abundant Ig in circulation?

Answer 47

IgG (85%)

Question 48

IgG promotes what two things?

Answer 48

phagocytosis and lysis

Question 49

This Ig confers passive immunity:

Answer 49

IgG

Question 50

Which Ig is most abundantly PRODUCED?

Answer 50

IgA

Question 51

Which Ig is present in saliva, tears, breast milk?

Answer 51

IgA

Question 52

Which IgE is important in parasitic infections and some allergic responses?

Answer 52

IgE

Question 53

Which Ig is a dimer?

Answer 53

IgA

Question 54

Which Ig is a pentamer?

Answer 54

IgM

Question 55

Which Ig is the largest?

Answer 55

IgM

Question 56

Which Ig is the smallest?

Answer 56

IgG

Question 57

IgG is primary or secondary response?

Answer 57

secondary

Question 58

Which Ig fixes complement?

Answer 58

IgG

Question 59

Which Ig is primary response, FIRST in the fetus?

Answer 59

IgM

Question 60

Which Ig crosses the placenta?

Answer 60

IgG

Question 61

Which Ig activates basophils and mast cells?

Answer 61

IgD

Question 62

Which Ig is type 1 hypersensitivity, parasitic disease?

Answer 62

IgE

Question 63

Which Ig is found in secondary secretions?

Answer 63

IgA