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Health & Healing > Immunity Hypersensitivity & Autoimmune > Flashcards

Immunity Hypersensitivity & Autoimmune Flashcards

1
Q

What is the condition associated with Type 1 hypersensitivity

A

Hay fever (Allergic rhinitis): nasal mucosa

Food allergies: digestive tract mucosa

Atopic dermatitis/eczema: skin rashes

Asthma: bronchial mucosa

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2
Q

What is the condition associated with Type 2 hypersensitivity

A

ABO blood incompatibility

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3
Q

What is the condition associated with Type 3 Hypersensitivity

A

Autoimmune disorder: systemic lupus erythematous; glomerulonephritis, Rheumatoid arthritis

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4
Q

What is the condition associated with Type 4 hypersensitivity

A

Contact dermatitis, transplant rejection, allergic skin rash, Tuberculin test

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5
Q

What is the mechanism for type 1 hypersensitivity and effects

A

Exposure to allergen results in development of IgEs (antibodies) bound to mast cells and basophils.

Allergen binds to antibodies, they release of histamine and chemical mediators upon second exposure, causes inflammation (vasodilation and increased permeability of blood vessels)

Results in immediate inflammation, redness, and pruritus

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6
Q

What is the mechanism for type 2 hypersensitivity and effects

A

Circulating IgGs and IgMs react with antigen on cell-complex activated

Destruction happens by phagocytosis or cytolytic enzymes

Results in cell lysis, massive hemolysis

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7
Q

What is the mechanism for type 3 hypersensitivity and effects

A

Antigen combines with antibody to form an immune complex, Antigen-antibody complex deposits in tissue and activates the tissue-complement system

Results in inflammation, vasculitis, and tissue destruction

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8
Q

What is the mechanism for type 4 hypersensitivity

A

Antigen binds to T lymphocyte and causes a delayed response by sensitized lymphocyte

Lymphocytes release lymphokines, causes an inflammatory response and destruction of the antigen

Delayed inflammation

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9
Q

What is a complication from Type 1 hypersensitivity reactions

A

Anaphylaxis

Decreases blood pressure caused by a release of histamine, results in airway obstruction, and severe hypoxia

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10
Q

Effects of Anaphylaxis

A

Cardiovascular: vasodilation and increased capillary permeability -> results in decreased BP, faint, and weak

Skin: nerve endings irritated -> itching

Lungs: constriction of bronchioles; release of mucous -> airways obstructed, cough, dyspnea

Results in severe oxygen deficit to the brain

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11
Q

Immediate treatment for anaphylaxis

A

Administer EpiPen to increase sympathetic nervous system (fight/flight) this can increase vasoconstriction and HR

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12
Q

Treatment in the emergency department for anaphylaxis

A

Epinephrine

Antihistamines (in early stage block histamine 1 receptors on cells): take before exposure

Glucocorticoids: severe or prolonged, reduce immune response and stabilize vascular system

Oxygen

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13
Q

Treatment for type 2 hypersensitivity reactions

A

Discontinue the transfusion

Acetaminophen

Antihistamines

Fluids

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14
Q

Immunodeficiency vs. Autoimmune

A

Immuno: Immune system can’t fight the infection (ex. AIDs)

Auto: Immune system is fighting our own body/chronic inflammation

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15
Q

How does an autoimmune disorder happen

A

The development of antibodies against its own cells or tissues

Autoantibodies are antibodies formed against self-antigens they have a loss of self-tolerance

Disorders can affect single organs or tissues or can be generalized

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16
Q

Types of Autoimmune disorders

A

Hashimoto thyroiditis

Systemic lupus erthematosus

Rheumatic fever

Myasthenia gravis

Scleroderma

Pernicious anemia

17
Q

Why is pernicious anemia considered autoimmune

A

gastritis is when the body is killing cells in the stomach

18
Q

What type of disorder is systemic lupus erthematosus (SLE)

A

Chronic inflammation disease that affects a number of organ systems

19
Q

What is a special characteristic of SLE

A

a facial rash “butterfly rash” (vasculitis)

20
Q

What population is SLE incidence higher in

A

African Americans, Asians, Hispanics, Native Americans

21
Q

What happens in SLE

A

Large number of circulating autoantibodies that are against DNA, platelets, erythrocytes

Formation of immune complexes that are deposited into tissues

Inflammation and necrosis occur

Vasculitis develops in many organs and impairs blood supply to the tissues

22
Q

Signs and symptoms vary because of organ involvement but commonly include

A

Arthralgia, fatigue, malaise
Cadio problems
Polyuria

23
Q

Diagnostic tests for SLE

A

Serum antibodies ANA (Against DNA), LE cells, other blood work

24
Q

Treatment for SLE

A

Usually treated by a rheumatologist

Prednisone (glucocorticoid)

Nonsterodial anti-inflammatory drugs

25
Q

What is the manifestation in SLE that results in a hard time breast feeding

A

Raynaud phenomenon - effects blood vessels and
periodic vasospasm in fingers and toes accompanied by pain

Health & Healing (5 decks)

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