immunization Flashcards
(21 cards)
Why is adult immunization important?
Vaccination isn’t just for children. Adults remain at risk for vaccine-preventable diseases. Immunity from childhood vaccines can wane. New vaccines may become available with age or health status.
What are the key goals of adult immunization?
- Maintain immunity across the lifespan
- Protect vulnerable populations (infants, elderly, immunocompromised)
- Prevent outbreaks and disease transmission
- Reduce healthcare burden and hospitalization
What factors influence vaccination recommendations for adults?
- Age
- Health status
- Occupation
- Lifestyle
- Travel
- Past vaccination history
What is the recommended frequency for the Influenza vaccine?
Annually for all adults
What is the Tdap/Td vaccination schedule?
- Tdap once in adulthood (if not received in adolescence)
- Td booster every 10 years
- Pregnant women: Tdap during each pregnancy (27–36 weeks)
Who is especially recommended to receive the MMR vaccine?
- Students
- International travelers
- Healthcare personnel
What is the Varicella vaccine recommendation for adults?
2 doses for adults without evidence of immunity, prior infection, or vaccination record
Up to what age is the HPV vaccine recommended?
Recommended up to age 26; optional for adults aged 27–45 based on risk
What is the recommendation for the Shingles vaccine?
Recommended for adults 50 years and older; 2-dose series, 2–6 months apart
What pneumococcal vaccines are recommended for adults ≥65 years?
- PCV20 (one dose)
- PCV15 followed by PPSV23 (1 year apart)
What are the symptoms of Hepatitis?
- Jaundice
- Fatigue
- Nausea
- Abdominal pain
What is the effectiveness of the Hepatitis A vaccine?
> 95%
What is the dosing schedule for the Hepatitis B vaccine?
3-dose (or 2-dose with Heplisav-B)
What is the Twinrix vaccine?
Combination vaccine that protects against both Hepatitis A & B; doses: 3 or 4 (accelerated schedule)
What are common travel-related vaccines?
- Yellow fever
- Typhoid
- Hepatitis A & B
- Rabies
- Japanese encephalitis
What vaccines are recommended for pregnant women?
- Tdap
- Influenza
What are common barriers to adult immunization?
- Lack of awareness
- Vaccine hesitancy
- Cost or access
- No regular healthcare visits
How can adult vaccination uptake be improved?
- Public education and reminders
- Employer-based programs
- Standing orders in clinics
- Free/low-cost vaccine clinics
True or False: Adult immunization is critical to public health.
True
What should be encouraged during healthcare visits regarding vaccinations?
Routine vaccine reviews
