Immunizations Flashcards
(43 cards)
Differentiate between antibiotics, adjunctive medications, antiretrovirals, and vaccinations.
Abx: cure disease
Adjunctive: alleviate symptoms
Antiretrovirals: arrest disease progression
Vaccinations: prevent disease
What was the first disease eradicated from Earth and what is the next closest?
Small Pox –> Pollio is next closest
What are the two main branches of the immune system?
Humoral and Cell-Mediated
T/F: The two branches of the immune system operate independently of one another.
False: Neither system can function without cytokine-mediated communication with the other system
What is the humoral immune system’s name derived from?
Humoral = “of the fluids” in Latin –> immunity found within serum
What cells mediate activity of the humoral immune system?
B lymphocytes –> aka B-cells or Plasma Cells
Humoral immunity is most affective against what pathogens and why?
Bacteria and fungi b/c they multiply extracellularly
How do B-cells mediate humoral immunity?
The differentiate and produce antibodies in response to antigenic stimuli
Describe the function of an antibody.
They label antigens and target them for destruction by macrophages
How does the humoral immune system produce a quicker response on subsequent exposures?
Some B-cells differentiate into memory cells which quickly produce antibodies on subsequent exposures
Cell mediated immunity is most affective against which pathogens and why?
Viruses and atypical bacteria b/c they replicate inside the cells
What cells mediate activity of the cell mediated immune system?
T-Lymphocytes –> aka T-cells, CD4 cells, Helper cells
Cells of which immune system are attacked by HIV?
T-lymphocytes (CD4 specifically)
How do T cells mediate cell immunity?
T cells differentiate and recruit killer CD8 cells which destroy infected cells
How does the cell-mediated immune system produce a quicker response on subsequent exposures?
Some T cells differentiate into memory cells allowing for a more rapid response to subsequent exposures
What are the two basic forms of immunization?
Active and passive
T/F: Antibodies are made primarily of carbohydrate chains.
False: Antibodies are proteins
Compare the half life of antibodies with the half life of memory cells.
AB half life of 3 - 4 weeks
Memory cells half life of 6 months to 1 year
Define active immunity.
Person exposed to actual antigenic material (infection or vax) and produce their own antibodies as well as memory cells for response to subsequent exposures
Define passive immunity.
Person is administered antibodies to an actual infection –> no self antibodies or memory cells are made.
What are three broad sources of antibodies that would be administered as part of passive immunity?
People, Labs, Animals (Horses for ex.)
Compare and contrast the efficacy of active and passive immunity.
Active immunity has a slow onset (infection on first exposure) with a duration of several years. Passive immunity has an immediate onset with a duration of 3 to 4 weeks.
Does tetanus vaccine provide active or passive immunity?
Both –> Abs protect from immediate infection and immunization provides long term protection
List the types of immunity from best to worst.
Infection Live Immunization Whole Killed Immunization Split Killed/Conjugated Immunization Toxoid
