Immuno

Question 1

C-reactive proteins (CRP)

Answer 1

an acute phase protein that helps initiate an inflammatory response…binds to the C protein of pneumococci -tags the thing for phagocytic uptake (opsonization)

Question 2

Chemokine

Answer 2

type of cytokine that directs the movement of immune cells around the body

Question 3

clonal selection hypoth

Answer 3

predicted that lymphocyte antigen specificities are
determined by molecular events prior to any exposure to antigen, and then, in response to exposure to a particular antigen, the clone that recognizes it will be selected to become activated, increase in size, and differentiate into effector cells.

Question 4

Elevated White bc count name?

Low WBC count name?

Answer 4

7. Leukocytosis: elevated WBC greater than 11,000 cells/mcL
   a. Most common cause: neutrophilia
   b. Common sign of infection
8. Leukopenia: reduction of circulating WBC (less than 4000)
   a. Often characterized by Neutropenia: reduced circulating neutrophils
   b. Often caused by chemo or radiation
   c. Severe neutropenis  life threatening infxn

Question 5

What do interferons do?

Answer 5

can inhibit/disrupt the ability for viruses to replicate

Question 6

Common form of mastocytosis (allergic reaction)?

Answer 6

Urticaria Pigmentosa

Uri Geva’s pig has allergies

Question 7

Which of these can enter the membrane (lipophilic) and which can’t (hydrophilic)
-Testosterone, Thyroid Hormone, Glucagon, Epi, Retinoids, Insulin

Answer 7

TTR- lipo
a. Can pass through the plasma membrane of target cell
i. Acts as a transcription factor in the cytosol or nucleus
1. Cytoplasmic receptors: inactive until bound, translocates to nucleus, and binds to hormone response element HRE in the promoter region of genes (then upregulates them)
2. Nuclear receptors: in nuc; can interact with proteins for activation
IEG-hydro
a. Cannot penetrate plasma, so interact with cell surface
b. Fast response
c. Important for second messengers e.g GPCRs and RTKs

Question 8

What do steroids do to Nuclear Factor-kappa B?

Answer 8

remove it from the nucleus, not allowing the inflammatory response to happen

Question 9

This is a pro-inflammatory cytokine in Gout

-key anti- for therapy

Answer 9

Interleukin 1Beta (IL1B)