🫀Immunodeficiency

Question 1

What is the difference between primary and secondary immunodeficiency?

Answer 1

Inherited (affects fn/devt) vs acquired (affects temp/perm)

Question 2

What are causes of primary immune deficiency?

Answer 2

Genetic defect (inherited

Question 3

What are common causes of secondary immunodeficiency?

Answer 3

external factors (e.g., infections, drugs, malnutrition)

Question 4

How does malnutrition impact the immune system?

Answer 4

Immunosuppression: ↓ T/B cell function, ↓ antibody + Ck production, ↓ phagocyte activity

Question 5

How do cancers like leukemia cause immunodeficiency?

Answer 5

BM infiltration → ↓ prod of normal immune cells (T, B, NK, neutrophils)
Defective LCs → non-functional or immature → impaired adaptive immunity

Question 6

What is the mechanism by which HIV leads to immunodeficiency?

Answer 6

HIV destroys CD4+ T cells → ↓ cell-mediated immunity & impaired immune response

Question 7

How does HIV target CD4+ T cells?

Answer 7

HIV gp120 binds CD4 + CCR5/CXCR4 → virus entry into CD4+ T cells

Question 8

What are opportunistic infections seen in AIDS?

Answer 8

Candida albicans, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, CMV, Toxoplasma gondii, HSV