Immunodeficiency And Cancer Flashcards
(25 cards)
DiGeorge syndrome?
Thymic tissue missing » no T cell function
B cells unable to class switch & secrete mainly IgM?
Non functional CD40 (B cell) or CD40L (Th cell)
Severe immunodeficiency syndrome (SCIDS) leads to?
Neither B cells nor T cells function
– Can be due to a defect in the protein that initiates gene splicing required to produce BCR & TCR
According to the world health organization, how many people worldwide are infected with HIV?
about 34 million people infected worldwide
What cells are targeted with HIV?
targeting Th cells
Mortality due to HIV is largely due to?
opportunistic infections
• Pneumocytis carinii (form of pneumonia)
• Kaposi sarcoma (cancer)
During the chronic phase of HIV, the total number of what cells gradually decreases eventually crippling the immune system?
Th cells gradually decrease
Why is HIV-1 able in many cases defeat theimmune system?
-NATURE OF THE VIRUS
• Slowly replicating lentivirus (retro RNA virus)
• Uses viral enzyme (reverse transcriptase) to make a copy DNA that can be inserted into host DNA. (This can occur in as little as 5-10 days).
-HIGH MUTATION RATE OF THE VIRUS
What does the drug treatment HAART stand for?
Highly Active Anti-Retroviral Treatment (HAART)
• Nucleoside or nucleotide reverse transcriptase
inhibitors (NRTIs) and non-nucleoside reverse
transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs)
• Protease inhibitors (PIs)
• Integrase inhibitors
Name the #1 and 2 causes of death?
- Cardiovascular disease
2. Cancer
Cancer arises when a single control system is corrupted within a single cell. True or false
False (multiple control systems corrupted in a single cell)
What are the two basic types of control systems?
- Systems that promote normal cell growth
* Safeguard systems that protect against uncontrolled cell growth
What to places in the body experience continuous cell proliferation?
Skin and mucous membranes
A particular gene that when mutated can cause a cell to proliferate inappropriately
Proto-oncogene
What mutation is commonly found in most tumors?
P53 (tumor suppressor gene)
Mice lacking p53 usually die of cancer within ______?
6-7 months
How many mutations are required to produce most cancers?
4-7 mutations
Liver cancer is commonly associated with what pathology?
Hepatitis B (20% of cases)
CTLs are most effective against?
A. Spontaneous tumors
B. Cancerous blood cells
C. Virus associated tumors
B. Cancerous blood cells
Hyperactivated macrophages secrete_____ & express it on their surface which can kill certain types of cancers
TNF
Located out in the tissues where most tumors arise &therefore can intercept at an early stage. A. CTLs B. Macrophages C. Dendritic cells D. Neutrophils
Macrophages
_______ cells target cells that express low levels of class I MHC molecules & display unusual surface molecules.
NK cells
What two types of viruses have been implicated in about 70%of all cervical cancers?
HPV-16, HPV-18
What two viruses have been associated with genital warts?
HPV-6 and HPV-11
