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MTC 3 > Immunology > Flashcards

Immunology Flashcards

(58 cards)

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1
Q

what cytokines enhance NK cell activity?

A

IFN-a and INF-b

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2
Q

What is a thymus-independent antigen?

A

ex) LPS on bacteria can illicit an immune response without being presented to a T cell via MHC

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3
Q

what are the surface proteins on B cells?

A

CD-19 CD-20 CD-21

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4
Q

follicles are the site of _____

A

B cell activation

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5
Q

first degree follicles are _____
second degree follicles are _____

A

1: dense and quiescent
2: active with pale germinal centers

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6
Q

medullary sinuses contain

A

reticular cells and macrophages

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7
Q

medullary cords contain

A

lymphocytes and plasma cells

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8
Q

what part of lymph enlarges in an extreme cellular immune response?

A

paracortex (contains T cells)

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9
Q

the lymph paracortex is located _____ and contains _____

A

between follicles and medulla
high endothelial venules through which T and B cells enter from the blood

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10
Q

Key features in pathogen recognition of innate immunity:

A

Toll-like receptors recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and lead to activation of NF-kB

examples of PAMPs are LPS on bacteria, flagellin on bacteria and nucleic acids in viruses

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11
Q

key features in pathogen recognition of adaptive immunity

A

memory cells: activated B and T cells can mount a stronger and quicker immune response to exposure of a previous pathogen

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12
Q

innate immunity is ______ encoded

A

germline

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13
Q

adaptive immunity is acquired though ____

A

VDJ recombination

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14
Q

MHC II is only present on what type of cells?

A

APCs

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15
Q

MHC I present ____ antigens

A

endogenous antigens (viral or cytosolic proteins)

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16
Q

MHC II present ____ antigens

A

exogenous antigens (bacterial proteins)

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17
Q

how do NK cells work?

A

use perforin and granzymes to induce apoptosis of virally infected cells and tumor cells

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18
Q

what cytokines enhance NK cells?

A

IL-2, IL-12, IFN-alpha, IFN-beta

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19
Q

decreased expression of ____ can trigger NK cells?

A

MHC I

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20
Q

what cytokines are secreted by NK cells?

A

INF-gamma to recruit macrophages

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21
Q

MHC I is an inhibitory signal to what cells?

A

NK cells

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22
Q

What is the process of antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity for NK cells?

A

the CD16 on NK cells binds the Fc region of bound IgG
this activates the NK cell

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23
Q

humoral immunity pertains to ___ cells

A

B cells

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24
Q

cell-mediated immunity pertains to ___ cells

25
B cells differentiate into _____ cells to secrete specific immunoglobulines
plasma cells
26
what are the types of phagocytes?
cells that can engulf something macrophages, dendritic cells, granulocytes (eosinophils etc)
27
helper T cells
CD4 + help B cells make antibodies and produce cytokines to recruit phagocytes and recruit other leukocytes
28
cytotoxic T cells
CD8+ directly kill virus-infected and tumor cells via perforin and granzymes
29
T cell precursors originate in the _____ and have _____ markers
bone marrow cell is bald! no markers yet
30
positive selection of T cells occurs in the ____
thymic cortex are CD4+ and CD8+
31
negative selection of T cells occurs in the ____
thymic medulla differentiate into CD4+ or CD8+
32
what cytokines induce Th1 helper cell differentiation?
IFN-gamma and IL-12
33
what cytokines induce Th2 helper cell differentiation?
IL-2 and IL-4
34
what cytokines do T regulatory cells secrete?
anti-inflammatory cytokines: TGF-beta and IL-10 to maintain tolerance and prevent autoimmunity
35
what cytokines do Th1 cells secrete?
IFN-gamma and IL-2 activate macrophages and cytotoxic T cells
36
what cytokines do Th2 secrete?
IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, IL-13 activate eosinophils and increase IgE
37
IgE binds ____
mast cells and basophils, cross links when exposed to allergen mediating immediate (type 1) hypersensitivity through release of inflammatory mediators such as histamine
38
which immunoglobulin contributes to immunity to parasites?
IgE
39
IgD is expressed on the surface of ____ cells
naive B cells
40
what is the first antibody produced in an immune response?
IgM
41
What does IgA do?
prevents attachment of bacteria and viruses to mucous membranes
42
which immunoglobulin is secreted in breast milk?
IgA
43
what is the most abundant isotype in serum?
IgG
44
what are the two opsonins?
C3b and IgG
45
mature naive B cells prior to activation express which two antibodies?
IgM and IgD
46
where do B cells isotype switch into plasma cells?
germinal centers of lymph nodes, plasma cells then secrete AGE
47
Which isotype crosses the placenta?
IgG
48
thymus-dependent antigens contain a ____ component
protein
49
complement is a part of _____ immunity?
innate
50
MAC (membrane attack complex) defends against ____
gram negative bacteria
51
MAC complex is important for neutralizing _____ species
neisseria
52
early complement deficiencies (C1-C4)
increased risk of severe, recurrent pyogenic sinus and respiratory tract infections
53
terminal complement deficiencies (C5-C9)
increased susceptibility to neisseria bacteremia
54
C1 esterase inhibitory deficiency leads to
hereditary angioedema decreased C4 levels increased bradykinin
55
interferons are a part of ____ immunity
innate
56
what cells are in the PALS of the spleen?
T cells
57
PALS and follicles are in the _____ pulp of the spleen?
white pulp
58
the ____ zone is located between the red pulp and white pulp
marginal contains macrophages and B cells

MTC 3 (6 decks)

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