immunology Flashcards
(116 cards)
1
Q
submandibular & submental nodes
A
oral cavity mets & malignancy
2
Q
deep cervical nodes
A
head, neck, oropharynx
3
Q
supraclavicular nodes
A
malignancies of thorax, abdomen, pelvis
4
Q
mediastinal nodes
A
TB, sarcoid, lung CA, granulomatous dz
5
Q
hilar nodes
A
lungs
6
Q
axillary nodes
A
mastitis & mets for breast cancer
7
Q
superior mesenteric nodes
A
lower duodenum, jejunum, ileum, colon to splenic flexure (mesenteric lymphadenitis, celiac, IBD)
8
Q
inferior mesenteric nodes
A
colon from splenic flexure to upper rectum
9
Q
HLA B27
A
psoriatic arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, IBD arthritis, reactive arthritis
10
Q
HLA B57
A
abacavir HSN
11
Q
DQ2/8
A
celiac disease
12
Q
DR3
A
T1DM, SLE, Grave’s, Hashimoto thyroiditis, Addison
13
Q
DR4
A
RA, T1DM, Addison
14
Q
Th1 –> IFN Y, IL2
A
activate macrophages & cytotoxic T cells
15
Q
Th2 –> IL4, 5, 6, 10, 13
A
activate eosinophils, increase IgE
16
Q
Th 17 –> IL 17, 21, 22
A
induce neutrophilic infiltration
17
Q
Treg –> TGF B, Il10, 35
A
prevent autoimmunity (maintain tolerance)
18
Q
IgG
A
2ndary response to Ag / most abundant / fixes C’, neutralizes bacteria & viruses / crosses placenta giving babies passive immunity / warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia
19
Q
IgA
A
prevents attachment of bacteria & viruses to mucous membranes / produced in Peyer’s patches in the GIT & protects against gut infections
20
Q
IgM
A
first Ab produced during immune response / fixes C’ / cold autoimmune hemolytic anemia
21
Q
A
22
Q
IgE
A
binds mast cells & basophils / mediates type 1 HSN via release of inflammatory mediators like histamine / activates eosinophils in parasites
23
Q
IL 1
A
secreted by macrophages
fever, acute inflammation / express adhesion molecules / induce chemokine secretion
24
Q
IL 6
A
secreted by macrophages
- cause fever & produces acute phase proteins
25
tumor necrosis factor alpha
secreted by macrophages
- causes WBC recruitment / maintains granulomas in TB
26
IL 1 + IL 6 + TNF alpha
mediates fever & sepsis together
27
IL 8
secreted by macrophages
- chemotactic factor for neutrophils / clears infections
28
IL 12
secreted by macrophages
- differentiates T cells into Th1 cells / activates NK cells
29
IL 2
secreted by T cells
- growth of helper, cytotoxic & regulatory T cells & NK cells
30
IL 3
secreted by T cells
- differentiation of bone marrow stem cells
31
IFN gamma
secreted by th1 cells (NKs & Ts) in response to Ag or IL12 from macrophages
- stimulates macrophages to kill phagocytosed pathogens / induce IgG switching in B cells / increase MHC expression
32
IL 4
from Th2 cells
- induce diff of T cells into Th2 cells / growth of B cells / class switch IgE & IgG
33
IL 5
from Th2 cells
- diff B cells / class switch to IgA / diff eosinophils
34
IL 10
from Th2 cells
- attenuates inflammatory response
35
IL 13
from TH2 cells
- IgE production / induce alt macrophage activation
36
T cell surface proteins
TCR, CD3, CD28
37
helper T cell surface proteins
CD4, CD40L, CXCR4/CCR5
38
cytotoxic T cells
CD8
39
regulatory T cells
CD4, CD25
40
B cells
Ig, CD19, CD20, CD21, CD40, CD80/86
41
NK cells
CD16, CD56
42
macrophages
CD14, CD40, CCR5,
43
hematopoietic stem cells
CD34
44
live attenuated vaccines
microorganism rendered nonpathogenic
- induce cellular & humoral response / strong lifelong immunity / CI pregnancy
ex - adenovirus, typhoid, polio, varicella, smallpox, BCG, flu, MMR, rotavirus
45
killed or inactivated vaccine
pathogen inactivated by heat or chemical / safer than live vaccines
ex - HepA, typhoid, rabies, flu, polio
46
subunit, recombinant, polysaccharide & conjugate vaccines
use specific Ags to best stimulate immune system / targets specific epitopes of Ag
ex - HBV, HPV, neisseria meningitidis, strep PNA, H flu b, herpes zoster
47
toxoid vaccine
denatured bacterial toxin with intact receptor binding site / protects against bacterial toxins
ex - clostridium tetani, diphtheriae
48
mRNA vaccine
causes cells to synthesize foreign material / induce cellular & humoral immunity / high efficacy
ex - SARS-CoV-2
49
T1 HSN
immediate (histamine) & late phase (chemokines)
ex - anaphylaxis, allergic asthma
50
T2 HSN
1. cellular destruction (phagocytosis & NK cells) - autoimmune hemolytic anemia, ITP
2. inflammation - Goodpasture, Rheumatic fever
3. cellular dysfunction - MG, Grave's, pemphigus vulgaris
51
T3 HSN
Ag-Ab-C' complexes
ex - SLE, RA, reactive arthritis, polyarteritis nodosa, PSGN, IgA vasculitis
sx - fever, urticaria, arthralgia, proteinuria, lymphadenopathy 1-2 weeks post Ag exposure
52
serum sickness
T3 HSN
- complexes form & deposit 1-2 weeks laters leading to inflammation & tissue damage
53
Arthus rxn
T3 HSN
- local subacute HSN in the skin --> edema, fibrinoid necrosis & activation of C'
ex - enhanced local rxn to a booster vaccination
54
T4 HSN
direct CD8 cytotoxicity + inflammatory with CD4 / no Abs involved
ex - contact derm, DRESS, graft vs host dz
test - PPD for TB infection
55
anti postsynaptic Ach receptor
myasthenia gravis
56
anti presynaptic VG Ca2+ channel
LEMS
57
anti B2 glycoprotein 1
antiphospholipid syndrome
58
antinuclear (ANA)
nonspecific / often associated with SLE
59
anticardiolipin, lupus anticoag
SLE, antiphospholipid syndrome
60
anti ds-DNA, anti Smith
SLE
61
antihistone
drug induced lupus
62
anti U1 RNP
mixed CT dz
63
rheumatoid factor
RA
64
anti Ro/SSA, anti La/SSB
Sjogren syndrome
65
anti Scl 70
scleroderma (diffuse)
66
anticentromere
limited scleroderma (CREST syndrome)
67
antisynthetase (anti Jo1), anti SRP, anti helicase
polymyositis, dermatomyositis
68
antimitochondrial
primary biliary cholangitis
69
anti smooth muscle, anti liver/kidney microsomal 1
autoimmune hepatitis
70
MPO-ANCA, p-ANCA
microscopic polyangiitis (MPA), eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis, UC, primary sclerosing cholangitis
71
PR3-ANCA/ c-ANCA
GPA
72
anti phospholipase A2 receptor
primary membranous nephropathy
73
anti hemidesmosome
bullous pemphigoid
74
anti desmoglein
pemphigus vulgaris
75
antithyroglobulin, antithyroid peroxidase
Hashimoto thyroiditis
76
anti TSH receptor
Graves dz
77
IgA antiendomysial, IgA anti TTG, IgA & IgG deamidated gliadin peptide
Celiac dz
78
anti glutamic acid decarboxylase, islet cell cytoplasmic Abs
T1DM
79
antiparietal cell, anti IF
pernicious anemia
80
anti glomerular BM
Goodpasture syndrome
81
decreased Ig of all classes
X linked (Bruton) agammaglobulinemia
82
defect in BTK, X linked recessive, no B cell maturation
X linked (Bruton) agammaglobulinemia
83
decreased IgA with normal IgG & IgM levels
selective IgA deficiency
84
22q11 microdeletion / failure to develop 3rd & 4th pharyngeal pouches
thymic aplasia
85
DiGeorge syndrome
22q11 deletion
sx - thymic, parathyroid & cardiac defects
86
decreased T cell, decreased PTH, decreased Ca2+
thymic aplasia
87
ataxia telangectasia
defect in ATM gene = failure to detect DNA damage
sx - ataxia, spider angiomas (telangectasias), low IgA
labs - low TRECs
88
Hyper IgM syndrome
defective CD40L on Th cells = class switching defect
labs - normal or high IgM / very low IgA, IgG & IgE
89
mutation in WAS gene
Wiskott Aldrich syndrome
90
Wiskott Aldrich syndrome labs
low to normal IgG, IgM / high IgE & IgA
91
defect in lysosomal trafficking regulator gene (LYST) & microtubule dysfunction
Chediak Higashi syndrome
92
Cyclosporine
- calcineurin inh, binds cyclophilin / prevents IL2 transcription
- tx: psoriasis, RA
- SE = nephrotoxicity, gingival hyperplasia, hirsutism
93
Tacrolimus (FK506)
- calcineurin inh / prevents IL2 transcription
tx - after solid organ transplant
SE - nephrotoxicity, no gingival sx
94
Sirolimus (Rapamycin)
mTOR inh, blocks T cell activation, prevents IL2 respone
tx - kidney transplant rejection prophylaxis
SE - pancytopenia, not nephrotoxic
95
Basiliximab
blocks IL-2R
SE - edema, HTN, tremor
96
Azathioprine
antimetabolite precursor of 6MP / blocks nucleotide synthesis
tx - RA, Crohn's, glomerulonephritis
SE - pancytopenia
97
Mycophenolate mofetil
reversibly inhibits IMP dehydrogenase, prevents purine synthesis
tx - rheumatic dz
SE - GI sx, pancytopenia, HTN
98
glucocorticoids
inhibit NF-kB, suppress B & T cell function, induce T cell apoptosis
tx - a lot
SE - avascular necrosis of femoral head, osteoporosis, PUD, cataracts
99
what does IFN-alpha treat
chronic hep C & B, renal cell CA
100
what does IFN beta treat
multiple sclerosis
101
what does IFN gamma treat
chronic granulomatous disease
102
what does Filgrastin (G CSF) & sargramostim (GM-CSF) treat
leukopenia; recovery of granulocyte & monocyte counts
103
what does Epo alfa treat
anemias
104
what do TPO analogs treat
autoimmune thrombocytopenia, platelet stimulator
105
Adalimumab, Certolizumab, Golimumab, Infliximab
targets soluble TNF-alpha
tx - IBD, RA, ankylosing spondylitis, psoriasis
106
Eculizumab
targets C5
tx - paroxysmal noctural hemoglobinuria
107
Guselkumab
targets IL 23
tx psoriasis
108
Ixekizumab, sexukinumab
targets IL 17A
tx psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis
109
Natalizumab
targets alpha4 integrin
tx MS, Crohn's
110
Ustekinumab
targets IL 12 & 23
tx psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis
111
Vedolizumab
targets alpha4 integrin
tx IBD
112
Denosumab
targets RANKL
tx osteoporosis (inhibit osteoclast maturation)
113
Emicizumab
targets factors IXa & X
tx Hemophilia A
114
Omalizumab
targets IgE
tx refractory allergic asthma
115
Palivizumab
targets RSV F protein
tx RSV prophylaxis for high risk infants
116
IL 8
Granulocytes - main component of pus in an abscess / stimulates recruited neutrophils
