Immunology

Question 0

Cells of the immune system

Answer 0

Hematopoietic stem cell 
Granulocytes (three kinds)
Mononuclear phagocytes
Dendritic cells
Lymphocytes

Question 1

Innate and…?

Answer 1

Acquired immunity

Question 2

Granulocytes

Answer 2

Neutrophil
Basophils
Mast cell
Eosinophil

Question 3

Granules stain poorly
Most numerous and important granulocytes
Also called PMNs polymorphonuclear _____ leukocytes

Answer 3

Neutrophil, a type of granulocyte, a type of leukocyte

Question 4

Involved in allergic reaction and inflammation

Granules stain dark purplish blue in basic dye

Answer 4

Basophils

Question 5

Primarily important in ridding the body of parasitic worms
Involved in allergic reactions
Granules stain red

Answer 5

Eosinophil

Question 6

Mononuclear phagocyte

Answer 6

Includes monocytes
Macrophages
Dendritic cells develop from monocytes

Question 7

Dendritic cells

Answer 7

Function as scouts

Sentinel cells

Question 8

These are responsible for adaptive immunity
B and T cells
Natural killer cells

Answer 8

Lymphocytes

Question 9

Cell communication

Answer 9

Surface receptor, cytokines, adhesion molecules

Question 10

Surface receptors

Answer 10

Eyes, ears if a cell

Proteins that span the plasma membrane, connecting outside and inside

Question 11

Cytokines

Answer 11

Voices of the cell

Cytokine produced by one cell diffuses to another, binding at a Cytokine receptor

Question 12

Chemokines

Answer 12

Cytokines important in chemotaxis

Question 13

Colony stimulating factors (CSFs)

Answer 13

Important in the multiplication and differentiation of leukocytes

Question 14

Interferons

Answer 14

IFNs

Important in control of viral infections

Question 15

Interleukins

Answer 15

ILs

Diverse functions

Question 16

Tumor necrosis factor

Answer 16

Kills tumor cells
Initiates the inflammatory response
Triggers the process if cell suicide
(Apoptosis)

Question 17

Adhesion molecules

Answer 17

On the surface of cells allow these cells to grab other cells

Question 18

Pattern Recognition Receptor (PRR)

Answer 18

See microbial invasion

Detect PAMPs DAMPs MAMPs

Question 19

Types of PAMPs

Answer 19

Cell wall components (lipopolysaccharide, peptidoglycan, lipoteichoic acid, lipoproteins), flagellin subunits, RNA molecules that characterize viruses

Question 20

Toll like receptors

Answer 20

About 10 in humans…each recognizes a distinct compound or group of compounds associated with microbes
Plasma membrane face extra cellular …phagosomal or endosomal membrane, face lumen

Question 21

NOD like receptors

Answer 21

Detect bacterial components it signs if cell damage

Question 22

Inflammasome w

Answer 22

Associated with nod like receptors. Activates a potent pro-inflammatory Cytokine
Mutations…crohns disease

Question 23

Rig like receptors

Answer 23

Type of prr

Can distinguish cellular RNA from viral RNA

Question 24

Three different beginnings for the complement system...what are they?

Answer 24

Alternative pathway Lectins pathway Classical pathway

Question 25

Alternative pathway

Answer 25

C3b binds to microbe / trigger Formation of C3 convertase C3b opsoniZes, joins other C cells to form membrane attack complex C3a triggers inflammatory response

Question 26

Lectins pathway

Answer 26

``` Triggered by mannose binding lectins Same pathway--complement system!! Formation of c3 convertase C3a inflammatory response C3b opsonization and MAC ```

Question 27

Classical pathway

Answer 27

Triggered by antibodies binding to microbial invaders

Question 28

Granulomas

Answer 28

Group of giant cells (fused together phagocytes) macrophages and T cells Tuberculosis

Question 29

Neutrophil

Answer 29

Rapid response team Short life span NET neutrophil extracellular traps

Question 30

Inflammatory response purposes

Answer 30

Contain site of damage Localize the response Eliminate the invader Restored tissue function

Question 31

Triggers of the inflammatory response

Answer 31

Microbes--damps and PAMPs, also complement pathway | Tissue damage

Question 32

Protection provided by immune responses that mature throughout life; involves B and T cells

Answer 32

Adaptive immunity

Question 33

Y shapes protein that binds antigen

Answer 33

Antibody

Question 34

Molecule that reacts specifically with either an antibody or An antigen receptor on a lymphocyte

Answer 34

Antigen

Question 35

Cells such a B cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells that can present exogenous antigens to naive or memory T cells, activating them.

Answer 35

Antigen-presenting cells (APCs)

Question 36

Type of lymphocyte programmed to make antibodies

Answer 36

B cell

Question 37

Immunity involving a t-cell response

Answer 37

Cell mediated immunity

Question 38

Process in which a lymphocyte's antigen receptor binds to an antigen, allowing the lymphocyte to proliferate

Answer 38

Clonal selection

Question 39

Type of lymphocyte programmed to destroy infected or cancerous self cells

Answer 39

Cytotoxic T cell

Question 40

Cell type responsible for activating naive T cells

Answer 40

Dendritic cell

Question 41

Type of lymphocyte programmed to activate B cells and macrophages and assist other parts of the adaptive immune response.

Answer 41

Helper T cell

Question 42

Immunity involving B cells and an antibody response

Answer 42

Humoral immunity

Question 43

A group of white blood cells (leukocytes) that have antigen specific receptors on their surface; includes B cells and T cells.

Answer 43

Lymphocytes

Question 44

Cell surface molecules that present antigen to T cells; includes MHC class 1 molecules and MHC class 2 molecules.

Answer 44

Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules

Question 45

Long lived descendants of activated lymphocytes that can quickly respond when a specific antigen is encountered again.

Answer 45

Memory lymphocytes

Question 46

Effector form of a B cell; it functions as an antibody-secreting factory

Answer 46

Plasma cell

Question 47

Effector form of a cytotoxic T cell; it induces apoptosis in infected or cancerous "self" cells

Answer 47

Tc cell

Question 48

First antibody produced | Pentameric in serum

Answer 48

IgM

Question 49

Most abundant in blood and tissue fluids | Transported across the placenta

Answer 49

IgG

Question 50

Most abundant produced period. | Mucosal

Answer 50

IgA

Question 51

Development and maturation if the antibody response

Answer 51

IgD

Question 52

Involved in allergic reactions | Binds via Fc region to mast cells and basophils

Answer 52

IgE