Immunology

Question 1

What mechanisms are needed to ensure freedom from invasion?

Answer 1

Physical barriers that exclude invaders

Innate immunity that provides rapid initial protection

Adaptive immunity that provides prolonged effective immunity

Question 2

What is the complex interacting network

Answer 2

The bodies defenses link together to form this network, as a result, change i one area may result in diverse effects in many other areas of immunity.

Question 3

What are antibodies? Are they part of the adaptive or innate immune system?

Answer 3

Proteins that circulate in body fluids, especially the bloodstream, they bind to bacteria and mark them for destruction

Adaptive immunity

Question 4

What is cell-mediated immunity? Is it part of the adaptive or innate immune system?

Answer 4

It employs cells that destroy abnormal cells such as those infected by viruses

Adaptive immunity

Question 5

What is memory in regards to the immune system?

Answer 5

Part of the adaptive immune system that can remember prior exposure to foreign invaders and mount a faster and more effective response on subsequent exposure to that invader

Question 6

Explain the difference between adaptive and innate immunity (include antigen, response time, memory, and superficiality).

Answer 6

Innate- not dependent on antigens, rapid response, no memory, not specific

Adaptive- response is antigen-specific, delayed response, memory, specific

Question 7

What is hematopoiesis?

Answer 7

The production of red blood cells and platelets, immune cells

Question 8

What are the three major lineages of hematopoiesis?

Answer 8

erythroid, myeloid, lymphoid

Question 9

What do lymphocytes originate from?

Answer 9

Stem cells in the bone marrow

Question 10

What is the adaptive immune system mediated by?

Answer 10

lymphocytes are responsible for adaptive immune response, specificity, and memory

Question 11

How do lymphocytes mature?

Answer 11

Mature in primary lymphoid organs into T cells and B cells

Question 12

What are the only cells in the body capable of specifically recognizing and distinguishing different antigens?

Answer 12

Lymphocytes

Question 13

What are the sources for lymphocytes?

Answer 13

yolk sac –> fetal liver –> bone marrow

Question 14

What is a primary lymphoid organ? Name them.

Answer 14

A site of lymphocyte development.

Thymus, bursa, peyer’s patches, bone marrow

Question 15

What is a secondary lymphoid organ? Name them.

Answer 15

Sites where lymphocytes respond to antigens.

tonsils
spleen
lymph nodes
peyer's patches
bones marrow