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Immunology Flashcards

(42 cards)

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1
Q

Immunity

A

Resistance to infectious agents

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2
Q

Immune system

A

The collection of cells, tissues, and molecules that mediate resistance to infection

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3
Q

Immune response

A

The coordinated reaction of these cells and molecules to an infectious agent {antigen}

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4
Q

Antigen

A

Infectious agent

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5
Q

Immune response

A

Coordinated response of immune cells

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6
Q

Functions of immune system

A
  • Defense against infections
  • Recognizing and responding to tissue grants and newly introduced proteins
  • Defense against tumors
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7
Q

Low immunity

A

More susceptible to infections

Shown by aids

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8
Q

Aids

A

Acquired immune deficiency system

- knocks out immune system

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9
Q

Vaccinations

A

Immune system primers and activators, made of non- infectious part of an organism

Effective because they stimulate an immune response to microbes and prone the immune system for a potential infection by that microbe

Have eradication’s some infectious diseases

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10
Q

Protective immunity

A

Made by 2 parts of the immune system
1. Innate immunity

  1. Adaptive immunity
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11
Q

Innate immunity

A

Mediates the initial protection against infectious agents

INATE - always there; born with it

Is there 1-12 hours from start of infection

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12
Q

Adaptive immunity

A

Develops more slowly and mediates the long term, more effective defense against infectious agents

Once is functional, much more long lasting, selective, and stronger

Takes days to start

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13
Q

Innate immune system parts

A 
Order of starting goes down: 
Epithelial barriers 
Phagocytic cells 
NK cells 
Proteins in complement pathway
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14
Q

Epithelial barriers

A

Skin or Any other epithelia

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15
Q

Adaptive immunity parts

A

B and T lymphocytes and products - antibodies (made by B cells)

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16
Q

Adaptive immunity types

A

Humoral

Cell mediated

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17
Q

Humoral

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A

Provides defense against extracellular microbes or foreign particles

Things outside cells,
Done by B cells - they make. Antibodies to target these

18
Q

Cell - mediated

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A

Defense against intracellular microbes
Something that affects the cells ( either intracellular microbes or phagocytized microbes - bacteria)
T cells

19
Q

T cells

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A

Kill the affected cells so it cant spread infection

20
Q

Helper T cells

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A

Active other cells, like macrophages and B cells so that they do their jobs

21
Q

Cytolytic t tell

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A

Binds of affected cell so you can kill it

22
Q

Properties of the adaptive immune system

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A

It is specific - specific antigens elicit a specific response
Diverse - enable immune system to respond to a wide variety of antigens
Memory - leaves to enhanced response to repeated exposures to the same antigen

23
Q

Memory

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A

Demonstrated by the production of a second reponse. To antigen c by

24
Q

Primary immune response

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A 
Takes a little while to occur 
Activate anti-X B cells 
Make ab 
And you fight it off
Left with memory B cells that do not have to go through activation process from beginning ; so next time faster and stronger response
25
Specificity and diversity of adaptive immune response
``` Memory cells - for only influenza Second time Influenza and diphtheria Strong response to influenza Primary to diphtheria Responding against 2 different agents at same time ```
26
Clonal selection
Each lymphocyte can recognize one specific antigen May never encounter antigen - go apoptosis and die If encounters it - makes hundreds of thousands of more cells to fight it - ie. Multiply
27
Phases of adaptive immune response
- Recognition : recognizes antigen - Activation : clonal selection (peaks day 7) - Effector : action is happening [ humoral and cell mediated] - Decline/ contraction : after fought antigen off , then cells undergo apoptosis , decline in number of cells Day 14 contraction starts - homeostasis - Memory : surviving antigen - specific cells
28
Effector cells
Activated cells of adaptive immunity
29
Lymphocytes
B cells : humoral T cells : cell- mediated NK. Cells : innate immunity
30
Antigen presenting cells
These cells can recognize antigen directly , T cells and B cells cannot Phagocyte cells and then present it - T and B cels need these Dendritic cells : initiate T cells Macrophages: initiation and effector phase of cell mediated Follicular dendritic cells : display antigens to B cells
31
Effector cells types
T cells Macrophages Granulocytes - neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils , B cells Active immune cells, actively carrying out function of immune cells
32
B cells
Make ab | Ab neutralize the antigen
33
Regulatory T cell
Stop potential auto immune reactions | Prevent to harm own normal tissues
34
NK
Kill infected cells like cytotoxic T cells
35
Maturation of lymphocytes
All immune cells start from stem cells in bone marrow Then primary generative lymphoid organs where the B cells and T cells mature B cells stay in bone marrow T cells go to thymus Then go out of organ, mature, but still naive. Naive until encounter and antigen - note from primary go to secondary peripheral lymphoid organs [ lymph nodes, spleen, mucosa/ cutaneous lymphoid tissues] NOTE: can travel in lymph or blood —— wher lymphocytes will encounter antigen on their first try; do not float around waiting for antigen Once activated no longer naive Now leave secondary organ and seek out target
36
Spleen
2 regions - one hold B cells [follicle] - on far ends in groups - one hold T cells [PALS - periarteriolar lymphoid sheath] - sorround blood branch in middle
37
Lymph nodes
Senate areas of B cells and T cells - B cells : follicle [ periphery ] - t cells : paracortex [region around the cortex] NOTE: single antigen can activate both T and B cells
38
Other lymphoid organs
``` Tonsils Adenoids Appendix Bone marrow Gut associated lymphoid tissue ```
39
Specialization
Generates responses that are optimal for dense against different types of microbes
40
Bone marrow
Origin of all blood cells Maturation of B cells
41
Thymus
Secrete thymosin Maturation of T cells
42
Spleen
Exchanges lymphocytes with blood Resident lymphocytes make abs and activated T cells Resident macrophages - remove microbes, debri, old RBCs from blood Stores small amount of rbcs, that can be added to blood by splenic contraction

Physiology (4 decks)

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