Immunology and defence

Question 1

Identify key structures in the lymphatic system.

Answer 1

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Question 2

Describe the basic structure of lymph nodes.

Answer 2

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Question 3

Describe the flow of lymph throughout the lymphatic system.

Answer 3

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Question 4

Be aware of the role of the lymphatic system in metastasis.

Answer 4

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Question 5

Describe mucosal associated lymphoid tissue (e.g tonsils, adenoids, appendix).

Answer 5

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Question 6

State the 5 cardinal signs of inflammation.

Answer 6

Redness
Heat
Swelling/odema
Pain
Loss of function

Question 7

Explain the systemic effects of the inflammatory response.

Answer 7

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Question 8

Describe the different cell types involved in immune reactions and explain their roles e.g lymphocytes, leukocytes, CD4 cells and CD8 cells

Answer 8

LYMPHOCYTES - T-Lymphocytes (cell mediated immunity) cytotoxic T cells (CD8) Kill virus infected cells. Activate macrophages. T-helper cells (CD4) help antibody responses. B-Lymphocytes differentiate into plasma cells which are effector cells with the ability to manufacture antibodies.
NEUTROPHILS - Most common. Phagocytic. Release chemicals to increase inflammation and stimulate an immune response.
EOSINOPHILS - Ensure that inflammation does not get out of hand. Fight against parasites.
BASOPHILS - Associated with bodies inflammatory response. Release chemicals that increase inflammation and blood flow.
MONOCYTES - Protect the tissue from infection by ingesting harmful foreign pathogens or dead/dying cells.

Question 9

Compare innate and adaptive immunity.

Answer 9

Innate immune response acts on groups of pathogens rapidly

Adaptive immune response acts on specific pathogens slowly and forms a memory

Question 10

Understand the importance of cell movement through the body.

Answer 10

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Question 11

Understand how physiotherapy can help in lymphatic reanastomosis.

Answer 11

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