IMMUNOLOGY INTRO

Question 1

where are most immune cells derived from?

Answer 1

bone marrow

Question 2

what are the main components of the immune system?

Answer 2

recognizing foreign molecules, destroying these molecules, or the communication between these two

Question 3

which immune division is the 1st line of defence?

Answer 3

innate immunity

Question 4

which immune division is a delayed response when innate defences are breached?

Answer 4

adaptive immunity

Question 5

which system is more specific?

Answer 5

adaptive

Question 6

which immune system is changeable and which is hardwired?

Answer 6

innate is hard wired and adaptive is changeable

Question 7

the immune response is more specific than the adaptive response

Answer 7

false

Question 8

how are the receptors of the adaptive immune response generated?

Answer 8

genetic recombination of particular portions of the receptor

Question 9

what is an antigen?

Answer 9

a substance that can bind to a receptor of the adaptive immune system

Question 10

what is an immunogen

Answer 10

a substance that can generate an adaptive immune response

Question 11

what is an epitope?

Answer 11

molecular entity that binds to the receptor

Question 12

what is a hapten?

Answer 12

a substance that can bind an antibody but cannot generate an immune response (may be too small)

Question 13

what is the clonal selection theory?

Answer 13

lymphocytes are cloned through the parent cell but those bearing self receptors are destroyed (we select only functional ones)

Question 14

———– express Ab on their surface (called receptors) and then secrete Ab in the blood when activated

Answer 14

naive B cells

Question 15

what portion of the B cell receptor do the antigens bind to

Answer 15

variable region

Question 16

how many light and heavy chains are on the b cell receptor

Answer 16

2 light chains and 2 heavy chains

Question 17

do antibodies only bind to antigens?

Answer 17

no they can also bind to lipid, nucleic acid, and carbohydrates

Question 18

how many chains does a t cell receptor have?

Answer 18

2 chains

Question 19

can the T-cell receptor be secreated?

Answer 19

no

Question 20

what mechanism is used by T-cells for antigen recognition

Answer 20

antigen presentation

Question 21

in adaptive immune responses, secondary responses are usually:

Answer 21

faster, larger, qualitatively different (higher affinity B cells)

Question 22

which of the two immune responses are more tightly regulated?

Answer 22

adaptive immune system

Question 23

what is autoimmunity?

Answer 23

immune responses to self

Question 24

what is tolerance?

Answer 24

immunological unresponsiveness to self

Question 25

what are monocytes and macrophages?

Answer 25

monocytes differentiate into macrophages which are phagocytic and a mature form

Question 26

what is the function of macrophages?

Answer 26

produce soluble messengers and present antigens to T cells

Question 27

what are dendritic cells

Answer 27

recognize infection and transport antigen to lymphoid organs

Question 28

what are neutrophils?

Answer 28

short lives phagocytic immune cells --> die in infected tissue to form pus

Question 29

what are eosinophils?

Answer 29

used for defense against parasites --> hypersensitivity responses

Question 30

what are basophils?

Answer 30

protect mucosal surfaces and releases histamine in hypersensitivity responses also defends against parasites

Question 31

what are mast cells?

Answer 31

hypersensitivity responses --> important in mucosal immune responses

Question 32

where do mast cells reside

Answer 32

connective tissues

Question 33

what are the lymphoid progenitor cells?

Answer 33

b cells, t cells, NK cells

Question 34

what are B-cells?

Answer 34

bone marrow derived, differentiate into antibody secreting plasma cells

Question 35

what are T-cells?

Answer 35

originate in the bone marrow, derived from the thymus. become either helper T cells, or cytotoxic T lymphocytes

Question 36

what are NK cells?

Answer 36

important in innate immunity --> kill infected and altered cells

Question 37

what are primary lymphoid organs?

Answer 37

where lymphocytes are generated and mature --> leave once matured

Question 38

what are secondary lymphoid organs?

Answer 38

where adaptive immune responses are initiated (antigens and B/T cell receptors encounter each other)

Question 39

what is the red and white pulp of the spleen?

Answer 39

red pulp is where old RBC's are destroyed and white pulp is where lymphocytes surround arterioles entering organs

Question 40

what are mucosa associated lymphoid tissues (MALT)?

Answer 40

collects Ag from mucosal surfaces

Question 41

what is GALT?

Answer 41

tonsils,a denoids, appendix, peyer's patch. PPs collect Ag from epithelial surfaces of GI tract via M cells