Immunology of Multiple Sclerosis II Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Immunology of Multiple Sclerosis II Deck (15)
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1
Q

Name at least 3 MS susceptibility genes identified from whole-genome sequencing

A

HLA class II, IL-7 receptor, IL-2 receptor alpha, CD58

2
Q

Which chromosomal region encodes HLA class II?

A

6p21-23

3
Q

Describe Steri et al’s 2017 findings on MS in Sardinia

A

Incidence of MS is particularly high in Sardinia, despite it being neither northern in latitude or low in sunlight. However, some Sardinians have a gene variant in the BAFF gene, increasing the number of B cells and predisposing to autoimmunity

4
Q

Name 3 candidate target myelin antigens that could be involved in MS

A

Myelin basic protein (MBP), proteolipid protein (PLP), myelin oligodendroglia glycoprotein (MOG)

5
Q

Name the most common comorbid autoimmune condition in MS patients

A

Autoimmune thyroiditis

6
Q

Name at least 2 immunomodulatory treatments for MS

A

Interferon beta, dimethyl fumarate, teriflunomide, daclizumab

7
Q

Name 2 MS treatments which block immune cell entry to the CNS

A

Anti-alpha 4 integrin (Natalizumab), Glyenia

8
Q

Name at least 2 immunosuppressing or depleting treatments for MS

A

Alemtuzamab, cladribine, ocrelizaumab, rituximab, mitoxantrone

9
Q

State the method of action in Daclizumab for MS

A

Immunomodulation

10
Q

State the method of action of Natalizumab for MS

A

Blocks immune cell entry to the CNS by acting on alpha 4 integrin

11
Q

State the method of action of rituximab for MS

A

Immunosuppression

12
Q

Describe the formation of an ectopic B cell follicle

A

A chronically inflammed area leads to the formation of lymphocyte aggregates, which undergo FDC differentiation and produce CXCL13, leading to the formation of an organised ectopic follicle

13
Q

Name 3 cells which produce IFN-gamma

A

CD4 Th1 cells, mucosa-associated invariant T cells, natural killer cells

14
Q

Name at least three T cell subtypes which contribute to pathology in MS

A

CD4 Th1 cells, CD4 Th17 cells, CD8 cells, MAIT cells

15
Q

Name three T cell anti-inflammatory subtypes which are dysregulated in MS

A

CD4 T helper Th2 cells, CD4 CD25 T-reg cells, CD57 CD8 T-reg cells