Immunology Terminology

Question 1

Adaptive Immune System

Answer 1

Immune response specific to antigens that starts around 96 hours after infection

Question 2

Allergy

Answer 2

A chronic condition involving an abnormal reaction to an ordinarily harmless substance called an allergen

Question 3

Angiodema

Answer 3

Swelling confined to the top layer of dermis

Question 4

Antibodies

Answer 4

Aka immunoglobulins; secreted by B-cells & bind to antigens to allow detection by parts of the immune system

Question 5

Antigen

Answer 5

Any substance that induces a state of sensitivity or immune responsiveness

Question 6

Antigen-presenting cells (APCs)

Answer 6

Help present antigens to T-cells in order to activate them.

Question 7

Antihistamine

Answer 7

Type of medication that inhibits histamine response

Question 8

B lymphocytes

Answer 8

Aka B-cells; Generates diverse antibodies

Question 9

Complement System

Answer 9

Enhances antibody & phagocyte response, promotes inflammation, and weakens pathogen membranes

Question 10

CVID

Answer 10

Common variable immunodeficiency

Question 11

Cytokines

Answer 11

Class of chemical messengers that help regulate and recruit the immune system response

Question 12

Dendritic cells

Answer 12

Detects and phagocytizes some infections to present their antigens to T-cells

Question 13

Granuloma

Answer 13

Formed from macrophages surrounding an infection that could not be properly eliminated by the immune system

Question 14

Helper T-cells (CD4+ cells)

Answer 14

Activated when APCs present an antigen, and secrete cytokines to regulate & recruit the immune response

Question 15

HIES

Answer 15

Hyper IgE syndrome

Question 16

Histamine

Answer 16

A chemical substance produced by the body during an allergic reaction

Question 17

HSCT

Answer 17

Hematopoietic stem cell transplant

Question 18

Idiopathic

Answer 18

A disease or condition that arises spontaneously or for which the cause is unknown

Question 19

Immunoglobulin A (IgA)

Answer 19

Antibodies produced by the immune system that protect mucosa against pathogens

Question 20

Immunoglobulin D (IgD)

Answer 20

Antibodies produced by the immune system that are part of B-cell receptors

Question 21

Immunoglobulin E (IgE)

Answer 21

Antibodies produced by the immune system that play a role in allergic reactions

Question 22

Immunoglobulin G (IgG)

Answer 22

Most predominant antibodies produced by the immune system that are secreted by B-cells

Question 23

Immunoglobulin M (IgM)

Answer 23

Initial antibodies produced by the immune system for early stage of immune reaction

Question 24

Innate Immune system

Answer 24

Non-specific first line of immune defense, active from 0 to 96 hours from infection

Question 25

IVIG

Answer 25

Intravenous immunoglobulin therapy

Question 26

Killer-T-cells (CD8+ cells)

Answer 26

Cytotoxic cells that recognize a specific antigen and destroy any cell presenting it (virus infected cells or tumor cells)

Question 27

LAD

Answer 27

Leukocyte adhesion deficiency

Question 28

Macrophages

Answer 28

Recruited by T-cells to engulf infections and break them down into presentable antigens

Question 29

Mast cells

Answer 29

Release histamine and other cytokines in response to IgE (allergic response) and also promote inflammation and wound healing

Question 30

Mastocytosis

Answer 30

Abnormal proliferation of mast cells in a variety of tissues

Question 31

MCAS

Answer 31

Mast cell activation syndrome

Question 32

Memory B-cells

Answer 32

Differentiates from Naive B-cells to provide long term detection of that antigen

Question 33

Microthrombocytes

Answer 33

Abnormally small platelets

Question 34

Naive B cells

Answer 34

Non-specific B-cell that can be activated by antigens or T-helper cells

Question 35

Natural killer cell (NK cell)

Answer 35

Cytotoxic cell that destroys some virus infected or tumor cells without needing to know a specific antigen.

Question 36

Plasma cell

Answer 36

Differentiates from Niave B-cells to secrete antibodies to that antigen

Question 37

SC

Answer 37

Subcutaneous

Question 38

SCID

Answer 38

Severe combined immunodeficiency

Question 39

SIGAD

Answer 39

Specific IgA deficiency

Question 40

T lymphocytes

Answer 40

Aka T-cells; Secrete cytokines to activate and recruit an immune response

Question 41

Telangiectasia

Answer 41

Widened tiny blood vessels cause threadlike red lines or patterns on the skin

Question 42

WAS

Answer 42

Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome

Question 43

XLA

Answer 43

X-linked agammaglobulinemia