Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

BPT Flashcards > Immunomodulators > Flashcards

Immunomodulators Flashcards

(54 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Pembrolizumab MOA

A

Humanised PD-1 inhibitor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

Examples of PD-L1 inhibitors

A

Durvalumab
Atezolimumab

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Specific side effects of PD-1 and PD-L1 inhibitors

A

Increased risk of autoimmune conditions i.e. pneumonitis, dermatitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Alemtuzumab MOA

A

CD52 inhibitor - used for MS and CLL
Presents on B and T cells - depletes both lymphoid cell lines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Alemtuzumab side effects

A

Autoimmune conditions i.e. autoimmune thyroiditis, ITP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Examples of anti-TNF alpha agents

A

Chimeric - Infliximab
Humanised - Adalimumab, Golimumab, certolizumab

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Indications for anti-TNA-alpha

A

Refractory therapy for chronic inflammatory systemic diseases
- RA
- Ankylosing spondylitis
- Psoriasis, PA
- CD, UC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Side effects of TNA-a inhibitors

A

Severe infections
Reactivation of prior infections
Drug-induced lupus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

MOA and side effects of etanercept

A

Fusion protein synthesised by recombinant DNA
Decoy receptor that binds to TNF-A and IgG1 Fc

Severe infections
Reactivation of prior infections
Drug induced lupus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

MOA and side effects of rituximab

A

Chimeric CD20 inhibitor

Reactivation of JC virus infection –> PML
Infusion reaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Rituximab uses

A

RA
ITP
TTP
MS
AIHA
NHL
Symptomatic Waldenstrom macroglobulinaemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

MOA, use and S/E of natalizumab

A

Humanised alpha-4-integrin inhibitor

Escalation therapy of MS
Crohn’s disease

Reactivation of latent JC virus
Infusion reactions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

MOA and uses of cetuximab

A

Chimeric EGFR inhibitor

Used for
CRC stage IV, wide type KRAS
Head and neck cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

MOA and uses of panitumumab

A

Humanised EGFR inhibitor

Used for
CRC stage IV, wide type KRAS
Head and neck cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

MOA of tocilizumab

A

Humanised IL-6 inhibitor

Used for
GCA
Juvenile idiopathic arthritis
RA
Severe COVID-19

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

MOA of secukinumab

A

Human IL-17A inhibitor
Decreases inflammatory cell migration, B cell differentiation and activation of hepatic acute phase response

Used for
Psoriasis
Psoriatic arthritis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

MOA of ixekizumab

A

Humanised IL-17A inhibitor

Used for psoriasis
Psoriatic arthritis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

MOA of brodalumab

A

Human IL-17R inhibitor

Used for treatment-refractory psoriasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

MOA of vedolizumab

A

Humanised a4B7 integrin inhibitor

Used for
CD
UC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

MOA of ustekinumab

A

Human IL12/23 inhibitor

Used for
Psoriasis, PsA
Crohn’s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

MOA of omalizumab

A

Humanised
Acts on unbound serum IgE

Severe persistent allergic asthma (resistant to inhaled steroids and LABAs) with increased IgE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

SE of omalizumab

Study These Flashcards
A

Arthralgia
Fatigue, dizziness
Pruritus, dermatitis

22
Q

MOA, use and side effects of abciximab

Study These Flashcards
A

Chimeric antagonist of GPIIb/IIIa receptors

Antiplatelet agent, used for patients undergoing PCI

Causes acute thrombocytopenia, haemorrhage

23
Q

Muromonab MOA, use and side effects

Study These Flashcards
A

Anti-CD3 (from T cells)
Used for steroid-resistant acute rejection post-transplantation

Causes cytokine storm

24
Basiliximab MOA, use and side effects
Chimeric anti-CD25 (targets alpha chain of IL-2 receptor of T cells) Used for Escalation therapy of MS Formerly used for prevention of kidney rejection post transplantation Causes tremors, hypertension, oedema
25
Daclizumab MOA
Humanised anti-CD25 Similar use and side effect profile to basiliximab (MS, causes tremor, HTN and oedema)
26
Trastuzumab MOA, use and side effects
Humanised HER2/neu tyrosine kinase receptor Inhibits HER2-initiated cellular signalling and antibody-dependent cytotoxicity Causes dilated cardiomyopathy
27
Bevacizumab MOA, uses and side effects
Humanised VEGF inhibitor (inhibits angiogenesis) Used in Neovascular age-related macular degeneration Proliferative diabetic retinopathy Solid tumours - nSCLC - CRC - RCC Causes haemorrhages, GI bleeding, wound healing, thrombosis
28
Eculizumab MOA, uses and side effects
Humanised complement protein C5 inhibitor Used in PNH and HUS Increased risk of infection with encapsulated bacteria e.g. N meningitidis
29
Ipilimumab MOA, uses and side effects
Human CTLA-4 inhibitor Melanoma, lymphoma, lung cancer, RCC, urothelial carcinoma, prostate cancer Increased risk of autoimmune conditions
30
Guselkumab MOA and uses
Human IL-23 inhibitor Used for psoriasis Increased risk of autoimmune conditions
31
Examples of PD-1 inhibitor and uses
Pembrolizumab Nivolumab Cemiplimab RCC, urothelial carcinoma, nSCLC, Melanoma
32
Cyclosporine side effects
Nephrotoxicity Gingival hyperplasia Hypertrichosis and hirsutism Diabetogenic effect - hyperuricaemia, hyperlipidaemia, elevated liver enzymes Increase in malignancy
33
Tacrolimus side effects
Nephrotoxicity Neurotoxicity Hypertension More severe diabetogenic effect than cyclosporine Does NOT cause gingival hyperplasia or hypertrichosis
34
Azathioprine and mercaptopurine side effects
Pancytopenia Hepatotoxicity Malignancies N+V, dose-related diarrhoea Acute pancreatitis AVOID allopurinol
35
mTOR inhibitors (sirolimus, everolimus) side effects
Pancytopenia Insulin resistance Hyperlipidaemia due to inhibition of lipoprotein lipase NOT nephrotoxic
36
MMF side effects
Pancytopenia Infections Vomiting and diarrhoea Hyperglycaemia HTN Low neurotoxicity and nephrotoxicity (comparatively)
37
Methotrexate side effects
Bone marrow suppression - pancytopenia and/or macrocytic anaemia Mucositis Hepatotoxicity Nephrotoxicity GI side effects Diarrhoea
38
Contraindications to anti-TNF-a treatment
Pregnancy Chronic infections, particularly TB Multiple sclerosis (NEGATIVE effect) Malignancy (increased lymphoma) Immunosuppressed Systemic or localised infections Mod-severe heart failure
39
Examples of anti-TNF-a treatment
Infliximab Adalimumab Etanercept
40
MOA of mTOR inhibitors
Sirolimus, everolimus Binds to FK binding protein and modulates activity of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) mTOR inhibits IL-2 mediated signal transduction resulting in cell cycle arrest in G1-S phase Also blocks T and B cell activation by cytokines, preventing cell cycle progression and proliferation
41
MOA of calcineurin inhibitors
Cyclosporin, tacrolimus Inhibits calcineurin from dephosphorylating nuclear factor of activated T cells, inhibiting T cell activation Cyclosporin via cyclophilin binding Tacrolimus via FKBP12 binding
42
Signals for immunosuppresants which target T cells division
Signal 1 - activation via antigen presentation (T cell CD3- and APC MHC) Signal 2 - co-stimulation, for optimal T cell activation (Signal 1-activated T cell CD28, and APC CD80/86) Signal 3 - cytokine activation, for T cell proliferation (Signal 2-activated T cell and cytokine, predominantly IL-2)
43
MOA of Abatacept, belatacept
Agents which target signal 2 Anti-CD28/CTLA-Ig agent Competitively bind to CD80/86 and downregulates T cell response
44
MOA of bleselumab
AntiCD40mAb agent Inhibits interaction between activated T cell CD154 (or CD40L) and APC CD40 Leads to upregulation of CD80/86 on APCs and increased T cell co-stimulation
45
MOA of anti-thymocyte globulin
Antibodies to human lymphocyte antigens created via immunising rabbits with human thymocytes Induces lymphocyte depletion via complement dependent lysis and T cell activation-induced apoptosis
46
MOA of azathioprine
Purine analogues which interfere with de novo purine synthesis and thus DNA and RNA synthesis S-G2 cell cycle arrest
47
MOA of mycophenolate
Inhibitor of inosine 5 monophosphate dehydrogenase, involved in guanine nucleotide synthesis
48
MOA of leflunomide
Inhibits dehydro-orate dehydrogenase inhibiting de novo pyrimidine synthesis and thus DNA synthesis and cell cycling from S to G2
49
MOA of mTOR inhibitors
Sirolimus, everolimus Inhibits lymphocyte cell cycle progression G1 to S phase --> prevents cell proliferation Also has anti-proliferative, anti-viral, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tumour effects
50
MOA of belimumab
BAFF monoclonal antibody Inhibits binding of BAFF to its B cell receptors
51
MOA of atacicept
TACI-Ig Inhibits binding of cytokine BAFF to B cell receptors Prevents increase in NH-kB which would otherwise promote B cell differentiation and inhibit apoptosis
52
MOA of bortezomib
Proteasome inhibitor Disrupts regulation of plasma cells
53
IL-1 inhibitors
Anakinra, canakinumab Used in RA, Still's disease Inhibits IL-1 and numerous inflammatory effects

BPT Flashcards (32 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions