Immunopathologies Flashcards
(23 cards)
What is the definition of pathology
The unintended consequence of normal immune response
how does TB evade death
preventing the interaction of phagosome with the lysosome
what is the definition of sepsis
systemic immune response caused by an infection (through toxins or pathogens)
what is the bodies response to sepsis
- produce cytokines (TNF)
- increase vessel permeablility
what is a dramatic drop in blood pressure after sepsis called
septic shock
with allergies, atopic individuals tend to push which cytokine profile
Th2 (more IgE)
what is the Hygiene hypothesis
we have become more sensative to things because we are TOO clean
What is Autoimmunity caused by
failure of the tolerance processes
what percent of american suffer from autoimmunity
5%
what are the 3 requirements for Autoimmunity
- MHC present self peptides
- T and B cells recognize self Ag
- Breakdown of self tolerence
what are the 4 theories on how autoimmunty is induced
- Infections and molecular mimicry
- Inflammation
- Stress events that expose sequestered Ag
- Altered gut microbiota
T/F Both intrinsic and extrinsic factors can favor suceptibility to autoimmune disease
TRUE
what was the mentioned environmental factor favoring disease?
where you live (northern hemisphere)
what was the mentioned instrinsic factor related to disease
Certain MHC genes linked to specific disorders (HLA-B27)
what is mutated HLA-B27 likely to develop
Ankylosing Spondylitis
what are the 2 types of autoimmunity
- Organ specific or systemic
2. may involve Ab, T cells, Immune complexes
how is hashimotos autoimmunity
Ab produced for thyroid cells (TH1) cause interference with iodine uptake
How is Diabetes type 1 autoimmunity
attack against Beta cells. CTLs infiltrate and activate macrophages
How is Myasthenia gravis autoimmunity
Block and destroy the post-synaptic clefts of Ach muscle nerves
How is Lupus Systemic autoimmunity
Ab against DNA, histones, and other structures. Deposit Immune Complexes
How is Multiple Sclerosis a Systemic autoimmunity
neruologic disability. Autoreactive T cells form inflammatory lesions along myelin sheaths in brain and cord
How is Rhematoid Arthritis a systemic autoimmunity
Ab-Ab complexes (IgM binds IgG) deposit in joints and cause chronic inflammation
What are some ways Autoimmnuity can be treated
- Broad-spectum therapy
- target specific cell types
- block steps in inflammatory processes
- interfere with costim
- target autoreactive cells
