Immunopathology Type 2, Autoimmunity Flashcards by Lindsey Herrera

What are the treatments of Dressler Syndrome?

anti-inflammatory agents

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is rheumatoid factor (RF)?

IgM anti-IgG in RA

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

People with SLE can make autoantibodies to _____, ____, ____, _____, _____, _____, _____, and _____.

nuclear proteins, DNA, RNA, RBCs, clotting factors, platelets, skin, T cells

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

When can passive antibodies cause diseases?

hemolytic disease of the newborn 2. mismatched transfusions 3. children of mothers with myasthenia gravis or SLE

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Who gets Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia (AIHA)?

pts who recently had a viral infection; have a different autoimmune disease; hx of cancer

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

How does the immunofluorescence appear in Goodpasture Syndrome cells?

sharp, linear

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the s/s of Goodpasture Syndrome?

persistent glomerularnephritis, pneumonitis, pulmonary hemmorhages

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is Dressler Syndrome?

autoantibodies to the heart post MI or heart surgery

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Platelets are phagocytosed via _____ damage in autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura.

complement-mediated

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is Goodpasture Syndrome?

autoantibodies to lung and kidney BM

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is chronic beryllium disease (CBD)?

an allergic response and lung disease due to beryllium exposure/poisoning

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is a good diagnostic marker in Celiac disease?

antibody to tissue transglutaminase

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What causes Rheumatic Heart Disease?

a cross reaction of group A strep M-protein antigen and laminin on heart valves, followed by neutrophil-mediated tissue destruction

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

SLE is much more common in ____, pointing to an ____ effect.

females; Estrogen

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Dressler Syndrome is seen in _____.

patients who had a MI or heart surgery

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

If you have a sample of the patient’s tissue, you can use the _____ test for autoimmunity.

direct

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the treatment for inappropriate tachycardia?

a beta blocker (propranolol)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is a sequestered antigen?

antigens that cannot get into the system until an immune response is started in another way

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is stimulatory hypersensitivity?

autoantibody to receptor activates it (agonist)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the hallmark test for autoimmunity?

immunofluorescence

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is Aire?

a thymic transcription factor

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is an innocent bystander?

normal tissue that is damaged because it’s near or associated with antigen

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Name a physical sign characteristic of SLE.

facial butterfly rash

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

RA is linked to the gene _____.

PADI4

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

How does complement-mediated damage harm tissue?

lysis, phagocytosis, lysosomal enzymes and ROS

Why do disease states persist, even when the initial antigen is long gone?

autoimmune responses to normally sequestered antigens released from damaged cells

Lysis of ____ occurs in autoimmune hemolytic anemia via complement-mediated damage.

RBCs

If you have a sample of the patient's serum, you can use the _____ test for autoimmunity.

indirect

What are the hallmarks of type 2 immune diseases?

1. IgG, IgM, or IgA autoantibody mediated (harm to self) 2. can stimulate or damage the cell

Lysis of RBCs occurs in _____ via complement-mediated damage.

autoimmune hemolytic anemia

What is paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria (PCH)?

hemolysis after exposure to cold

What is epitope spreading?

more and more epitopes and proteins become involved as the disease progresses

Forbidden clones have been ID'd as the pathogenesis of what disease?

1. myasthenia gravis

\_\_\_\_ and _____ damage cells via complement-mediated damage in myasthenia gravis and Goodpasture disease.

ROS; lysosomal enzymes

What are treatments for Myasthenia Gravis?

1. thymectomy 2. immunosuppression 3. neostigmine-related drugs

The incidence of SLE is _____ and is higher in \_\_\_\_\_.

1/3500; blacks, Hispanics, Asians

Although at its earliest stages RA seems to be \_\_\_\_\_, eventually most of the pathogenesis is due to T cells.

antibody-mediated

ROS and lysosomal enzymes damage cells via complement-mediated damage in _____ and \_\_\_\_\_.

myasthenia gravis; Goodpasture disease

ROS and lysosomal enzymes damage cells via _____ damage in myasthenia gravis and Goodpasture disease.

complement-mediated

What is systemic lupus erythromatosus (SLE)?

autoimmune disease we don't understand; might by apoptotic dysregulation; autoantibody mediated

\_\_\_\_ are phagocytosed via complement-mediated damage in autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura.

Platelets

Give an example of a stimulatory hypersensitivity.

LATS in hyperthyroidism

What is Myasthenia Gravis?

a disease of progressive muscle weakness bc of autoantibody to AChR

How are platelets destroyed in Autoimmune Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ATP)?

opsonized for destruction by the spleen

Platelets are _____ via complement-mediated damage in autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura.

phagocytosed

Name the examples of chronic frustrated immune response diseases.

1. Crohns disease 2. psoriasis 3. chronic beryllium disease 4. celiac disease

What are neostigmine-related drugs?

anticholinesterases

What is a treatment for RA?

rituximab

Platelets are phagocytosed via complement-mediated damage in \_\_\_\_\_\_.

autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura

Immunopathology depends on 3 factors: \_\_\_\_, \_\_\_\_, and \_\_\_\_.

genetics, environment, bad luck :(

What is the treatment for Autoimmune Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ATP)?

1. immunosuppression 2. splenectomy

Name 2 general mechanisms of tissue damage.

1. complement-mediated damage 2. stimulatory hypersensitivity

What causes inappropriate tachycardia in about 50% of people?

autoantibodies of the Beta-adrenergic receptor

Give an example of a stimulatory hypersensitivity.

Graves disease from LATS (IgG antibody to the TSHR stimulating release of TH)

Who does RA affect?

women, 1/100 Americans; smokers and those exposed to air pollution

Who typically gets Autoimmune Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ATP)?

young people post viral-infection; old people with other autoimmunities

Lysis of RBCs occurs in autoimmune hemolytic anemia via _____ damage.

complement-mediated

\_\_\_\_ is linked to the gene PADI4.

Celiac disease is considered a type ____ immunopathology.

chronic frustrated

What is Autoimmune Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ATP)?

autoantibody to platelets, causing their destruction

What is the result of Hashimoto Thyroiditis and why?

hypothyroidism bc of thyroid destruction

What is Hashimoto Thyroiditis?

both B and T cell immunity to various thyroid antigens, including thyroglobulin, causes inflammation disease in thyroid

What does rituximab target?

CD20 on B cells

What are the hallmarks of type 3 immune diseases?

1. immune complexes trapped in the BM-\> complement activated-\>vasculitic inflammation 2. T-cell mediated when chronic

Although at its earliest stages RA seems to be antibody-mediated, eventually most of the pathogenesis is due to \_\_\_\_\_.

T cells

What is a forbidden clone?

a self-reactive cell that somehow escaped clonal deletion

The autoantibody of the AChR causes damage by ____ and \_\_\_\_-mediated attack.

complement and neutrophil

What is Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)?

the most common autoimmune disease; IgM anti IgG

What is CHRNA1?

the gene for the AChR alpha subunit

What is inappropriate tachycardia?

fast heart rate without cardiac abnormalities

DM1 is considered a type ____ immunopathology.

What is the antigen in Goodpasture Syndrome?

type IV collagen

What causes paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria (PCH)?

autoantibodies that bind RBCs at 15deg C

What provides a diagnostic marker in DM1?

antibodies to islet-associated antigens

Give an example of sequestered antigen pathogenesis.

male sterility in mumps caused by mumps breaking down the blood/testis barrier, immunizing the sperm

What is a foreign + self hybrid antigen?

the coupling of self + nonself antigens that are presented to anti-self B cells that hadn't been deleted

What are the s/s of Dressler Syndrome?

persistent cardiac pain, fever, malaise, and pericardial effusion

What drugs can induce AIHA?

1. penicillin 2. methyldopa 3. chlorpromazine 4. quinidine

What are the hallmarks of type 1 immune diseases?

1. IgE antibody mediated 2. Th2 cell mediated

What are the hallmarks of type 4 immune diseases?

1. T cell response outcomes 2. can be normal or abnormal (inc autoimmune)

What is the chronic frustrated immune response?

the body is using the adaptive immune response to get rid of antigens that it never can

How is autoantibody to AChR made?

Aire drives the thymic expression of CHRNA1; these Th reactive cells are not deleted

What is Rheumatic Heart Disease?

heart disease from recent strep infection;

Immunopathology Type 2, Autoimmunity Flashcards

(83 cards)