Immunopharm Flashcards Preview

Pharmacology > Immunopharm > Flashcards

Flashcards in Immunopharm Deck (25)
Loading flashcards...
1
Q

Glucocorticoids

A

MOA: bind cytosolic glucocorticoid receptor which translocates to nucleus and alters gene expression, inhibits PLA2 and COX-2
Effect: down-regulation of inflammatory mediator expression
Use: prevent transplant rejection, autoimmune dz’s, alleviate pain/nausea/fatigue
SE: HTN, hyperglycemia, psych sx’s, Cushing’s, myopathy, osteoporosis

2
Q

Cyclosporine

A

Calcineurin inhibitor
Metabolism: CYP3A4
MOA: binds and forms complex with cyclophilin (an immunophilin) which inhibits calcineurin
Effect: no activation of NFAT (T-cell specific transcription factor) decreased production of cytokines
SE: nephrotoxicity, tremor, HTN, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, osteoporosis, hirsutism, gum hyperplasia
Use: organ transplantation, uveitis, RA, psoriasis

3
Q

Tacrolimus

A

MOA: binds to FK-binding protein (immunophilin)
Effect: complex inhibits calcineurin and decreases synthesis of inflammatory cytokines
SE: nephrotoxicity, neurotoxicity, hyperglycemia, HTN, hyperkalemia, GI sx’s
Use: transplant, atopic dermatitis, psoriasis

4
Q

Sirolimus

A

MOA: binds to FKBP forming complex inhibiting the serine-threonine kinase mTOR
Effect: blocks IL-2 driven T-cell proliferation
Use: renal transplant, severe CAD
SE: myelosuppression, hepatotoxicity, diarrhea, hyperTGs, pneumonitis, HA

5
Q

Thalidomide

A

MOA: inhibits synthesis of TNF-α
Effect: inhibits angiogenesis
Use: erythema nodosum, MM

6
Q

Azathioprine

A

Purine antimetabolite (analogue)
MOA: prodrug of 6-mercapgtopurine, converted to 6-MP (activation depends on xanthine oxidase)
Effect: inhibits purine synthesis, suppressing B and T cell function of IG production and IL-2 secretion
SE: BM suppression, GI sx’s, increased infections and malignancies
CI: pt’s receiving allopurinol should have lower doses of Azathioprine

7
Q

Methotrexate

A

MOA: @ low doses inhibits AICAR transformylase
Effect: accumulation of AMP which is converted to adenosine (potent inhibitor of inflammation)
Use: RA, psoriasis, ankylosing spondylitis, SLE
SE: nausea, mucosal ulcers, leukopenia, anemia, GI ulcers, hepatotoxicity, HS pneumonitis
CI: pregnancy 🤰🏽

8
Q

Mycophenolate Mofetil

A

MOA: inhibits IMP dehydrogenase in the de novo pathway
Effect: decreased GTP production by B and T cells
Use: prophylaxis of transplant rejection, SLE
SE: N/V/D/abd pn, HA, HTN, myelosuppression (reversible)

9
Q

Leflunomide

A

Prodrug of teriflunomide
MOA: inhibits dihydroorate dehydrogenase
Effect: decreases levels of UMP so decreased pyrimidines produced
Use: RA, SLE, MG
SE: diarrhea, allopecia, rash, myelosuppression, increased aminotransferase
CI: pregnancy🤰🏽

10
Q

Cyclophosphamide

A

MOA: destroys proliferating lymphoid cells and alkylate DNA and other molecules in resting cells
Effect: immunosuppression
Use: SLE and other autoimmune dz’s
SE: infertility, BM suppression, hemorrhagic cystitis, bladder ca

11
Q

Hydroxychloroquine

A

MOA: anti-inflamatory / immunosuppressive
Use: RA, SLE (often used w/ other drugs like Methotrexate and Sulfasalazine)
SE: hemolysis in pt’s w/ G6PD, retinal damage

12
Q

Sulfasalazine

A

MOA: metabolized by bacteria in colon
Use: RA (sulfapyridine moiety), ulcerative colitis (5-ASA moiety), Crohn’s, Ankylosing spondylitis
SE: N/V, HA, rash, neutropenia, thrombocytpopenia, drug induced SLE, hemolysis in G6PD

13
Q

ANtilymphocyte and Antithymocyte Ab’s

A

MOA: Ab’s bind to T cells involved in ag recognition and initiate complement destruction
Use: before stem cell transplant to prevent graft v host, solid organ transplants

14
Q

RHo(D) Ig

A

Effect: prevention of primary immune response
Use: prevention of Rh hemolytic dz of the newborn in RHo(D) -ve mother

15
Q

TNF-α Inhibitors

A

Adalimumab / Infliximab / Etanercept
MOA: bind TNF-α preventing its interaction w/ receptors
SE: cytopenias, increased risk of infection, ulcers, bowel perforation, can exacerbate HF

16
Q

Adalimumab

A

MOA: fully human IgG1 anti-TNF monoclonal Ab
Use: RA, psoriatic arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, Crohn’s, UC

17
Q

Infliximab

A

MOA: chimeric monoclonal Ab
Use: RA, psoriatic arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, Crohn’s, UC

18
Q

Etanercept

A

MOA: contains ligand-binding portion of human TNF-α receptor fused to Fc portion of human IgG1
Use: RA, ankylosing spondylitis, psoriatic arthritis

19
Q

Omalizumab

A

Anti-IgE recombinant humanize monoclonal Ab
MOA: bind to IgE and prevent it from binding to mast cells and basophils
Effect: prevent release of inflammatory mediators
Use: asthma refractory to inhaled corticosteroids, chronic urticaria

20
Q

Basiliximab

A

IL-2 receptor antagonist
MOA: binds to IL-2 receptor
Use: renal transplant (used in combo w/ other drugs)

21
Q

Riituximab

A

MOA: monoclonal Ab tha binds to CD20 molecule on B-lymphocytes
Effect: depletes circulating B cells
Use: NHL, CLL, RA

22
Q

Anakinra

A

IL-1 receptor antagonist

Use: moderate to severe RA

23
Q

Abatacept

A

MOA: fusion protein taht interferes w/ T-cell activation
Use: moderate to severe RA, polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis

24
Q

Aldesleukin

A

Recombinant IL-2
Effect: lymphokine that promotes production of CD8+ T-cells and activates NK cells
Use: RCC, malignant melanoma

25
Q

Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG)

A

Live attenuated M. bovis
Use: tx and prophylaxis of bladder carcinoma
SE: HS rxn, shock, chills, fever, malaise, IC dz