Immunosuppressants Flashcards Preview

Immunology > Immunosuppressants > Flashcards

Flashcards in Immunosuppressants Deck (20)
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1
Q

Cyclosporine: mech

A

Calcineurin inhibitor; binds cyclophilin.

Blocks T cell activation by preventing IL-2 transcription.

2
Q

Cyclosporine: use

A

Transplant rejection prophylaxis, psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis.

3
Q

Cyclosporine: toxicity

A

Nephrotoxicity, HTN, hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia, tremor, hirsutism, gingival hyperplasia

4
Q

Tacrolimus: mech

A

Caclineurin inhibitor; binds FK506 binding proteini (FKBP).

Blocks T cell activation by preventing transcription of IL-2.

5
Q

Tacrolimus: use

A

Transplant rejection prophylaxis, Atopic dermatitis

6
Q

Tacrolimus: tox

A

Increased risk of diabetes and neurotoxicity
GI distress, nephrotoxicity, HTN, hyperkalemia, hyperglycemia
Increased risk of lymphoma
Avoid grapefruit juice (increases tox)

7
Q

Sirolimus (Rapamycin): mech

A

mTOR inhibitor; binds FKBP

Blocks T cell activation and B cell differentiation by preventing IL-2 signal transduction (response)

8
Q

Sirolimus (Rapamycin): use

A

Kidney transplant rejection prophylaxis

9
Q

Sirolimus (Rapamycin): tox

A

Anemia, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, insulin resistance, hyperlipidemia
non-nephrotoxic**

10
Q

Sirolimus (Rapamycin): notes

A

Kidney “sir-vives”
Synergistic with cyclosporine.
Also used in drug-eluting stents

11
Q

Basiliximab, Daclizumab: mech

A

Monoclonal Ab; blocks IL-2R

12
Q

Basiliximab, Daclizumab: use

A

Kidney transplant rejection prophylaxis

13
Q

Basiliximab, Daclizumab: tox

A

Edema, HTN, tremor

14
Q

Azathioprine: mech

A

Antimetabolite precursor of 6-mercaptopurine.

Inhibits lymphocyte proliferation by blocking nucleotide synthesis

15
Q

Azathioprine: use

A

Transplant rejection prophylaxis, RA, Crohn disease, glomerulonephritis, other autoimmune conditions

16
Q

Azathioprine: tox

A

Leukopenia, anemia, thrombocytopenia

17
Q

Azathioprine: notes

A

6-MP degraded by xanthine oxidase; tox increased by allopurinol.

18
Q

Glucocorticoids: mech

A

Inhibits NF-kB

Suppresses both B and T cell function by decreasing transcription of cytokines

19
Q

Glucocorticoids: use

A

Transplant rejection prophylaxis, many autoimmune disorders, inflammation

20
Q

Glucocorticoids: tox

A

Hyperglycemia, osteoporosis, central obesity, muscle breakdown, psychosis, acne, HTN, cataracts, peptic ulcers.
Can cause iatrogenic Cushing’s syndrome
Can cause adrenal insufficiency –> dose should be tapered