Immunotherapy Flashcards
(24 cards)
what antibodies are present in immediate rejection?
preformed antibodies
- activate complement and trigger rapid intravascular thrombosis and necrosis
what is the medication that was introduced for anti rejection?
cyclosporine
what is the function of cyclosporine?
inhibits T cell activation to treat graft rejection
what is the medication that acts on mTOR?
rapamycin
what are the two types of adaptive immunity?
naturally acquired
artificially acquired
state some ways of naturally acquired immunity?
active - infection
passive - placental/colostral transfer of IgG/IgA
state some ways of artificially acquired immunity?
active - immunisation
passive - immunoglobulin therapy
does passive immunity create memory?
no
does active immunity create memory?
yes
what is an advantage of passive immunity?
gives immediate protection
state some disadvanatages of passive immunity?
short term effect with no immunological memory
graft versus host disease - incoming immune cells rejects the recipient
what is IVIg?
Intravenous Immunoglobulin
what is IVIg used for?
primary and secondary immunodeficiency disorders
autoimmune disorders
idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura
give an example of direct immunotherapy ?
monoclonal antibodies
chimeric antigen receptors
give an example of indirect immunotherapy ?
dendritic cell vaccines
cytokine therapies
checkpoint inhibitor therapies
what is a polyclonal response ?
Antibodies with different variable regions bind multiple epitopes
what is first line treatment for non-hodgkin lymphoma?
rituximab
what is the function of rituximab?
wipes out B cell response
- is specific for CD20 molecule on the cell surface of B cells
what is the function of TNF (tumour necrosis factor)
is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that stimulates an acute phase reaction
what are anti-TNF therapy used for?
autoimmune disorders
Ankylosing spondylitis
Crohn’s disease
Ulcerative colitis
what is the function of herceptin?
The antibody binds HER2 on cancer cells and marks them out for destruction by the immune system
how are dendritic cell vaccines made?
Take a blood sample from patient
Culture cells in vitro
With cytokines that promote APC function
Transfuse patients with APC after uptake of tumour antigen
state two ways in which immune therapies can affect the immune system?
immunosuppressive or immune boosting
state three cells that can be affected in immune therapy
T cells
Dendritic cells
CAR-T cells
