Impact of Illness on QOL, Patients & Family Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the difference between quality of life and health-related quality of life?

A

QOL: An individual’s evaluation of their overall life experience at a given time

Health-related QOL: Evaluations of life experiences & how they are affected by disease, accidents or treatments

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2
Q

What is QOL affected by?

A
  • Physical/mental health
  • Level of independence
  • Quality of social relationships
  • Social integration
  • Personal, religious, spiritual beliefs
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3
Q

What are the 6 domains that the 25 different facets of QOL are grouped into?

A
  • Physical health
  • Psychological
  • Level of independence
  • Social relationships
  • Relation to environment
  • Spirituality, religion, personal beliefs
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4
Q

What factors can influence a person’s QOL?

A
  • Demographics
  • The condition
  • Neurological damage
  • Treatment
  • Psychosocial factors
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5
Q

What are some of the findings regarding QOL of young people?

A
  • Children are less affected by health states than socioeconomic factors
  • Depends on life circumstances/expectations e.g. stroke in younger working person compared to older retired person
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6
Q

What are some of the findings regarding QOL of older people?

A
  • Important life domains are good physical functioning, relationships, health/social activity
  • More fearful of losing independence
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7
Q

What factors of QOL can culture influence?

A
  • Responses to pain
  • Attitudes towards/use of traditional/Western medicine
  • Concepts of dependency
  • Norms of communication
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8
Q

What are the 3 psychosocial influences on QOL?

A
  • Emotional responses
  • Coping differences
  • Social support
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9
Q

What are the 3 reasons why QOL assessment is useful in clinical practice?

A
  • Measure to inform
  • Measure to evaluate alternatives
  • Measure to promote communication
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10
Q

What are the pros and cons of generic vs. disease-specific measures of QOL?

A
  • Generic: Allow for comparisons but don’t address unique illness/QOL issues
  • Disease-specific: added value, but don’t allow cross-illness comparisons
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11
Q

What are the pros and cons of individualised QOL measures?

A
  • Abandon the dimension of generic/disease-specific instruments
  • Allow respondents to choose dimensions/concerns of value to them
  • Time consuming, exclude use in certain populations
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12
Q

What are the 4 phases people with illness may have to deal with?

A
  • Uncertainty
  • Disruption
  • Striving for recovery
  • Restoration of wellbeing
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13
Q

What are the 3 stages of response to cancer?

A

1) Initial response: Disbelief, denial, shock
2) Dysphoria: Gradually coming to terms, stress, insomnia, anxiety, depression
3) Adaptation: Adapting positively, developing long-term coping strategies

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14
Q

How can depression & anxiety affect illness?

A
  • Impedes engagement in treatment
  • Anxiety associated with poor control of blood glucose levels in diabetics
  • Can influence resuming to pre-illness functioning
  • Hinders behavioural change
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15
Q

What are the key benefits of maintaining positive emotions during illness?

A
  • Promotion of psychological resilience & more effective problem-solving
  • Dispelling of negative emotions
  • Triggering an upward spiral of positive feelings
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16
Q

What are some of the illness-specific issues raised by coping with illness?

A
  • Symptoms
  • Possibility of pain
  • Uncertain future
  • Changes in self-image and self-esteem
  • Maintaining control over health/life
  • Maintaining control over illness
  • Changes in relationships
17
Q

When can the experience of an illness be described as a crisis?

A

When individuals face potential changes in identity, location, role and aspects of social support

18
Q

What are the 3 processes that result from the crisis of illness?

A
  • Cognitive appraisals
  • Adaptive tasks
  • Coping skills
19
Q

What are the 3 types of coping strategies?

A
  • Appraisal-focused: denial, positive reappraisal, mental preparation
  • Problem-focused: information/support seeking, taking action, setting goals
  • Emotion-focused: mood regulation, emotional discharge
20
Q

In relation to family systems, what are the 3 stages observed within a continuum of adaptation?

A
  • Resistance: Family members deny/avoid reality
  • Restructuring: Family members begin to accept & reorganise lives
  • Consolidation: Newly adopted roles may become permanent
21
Q

What 3 dimensions of family systems functioning are relevant to the continuum of adaptation?

A
  • Cohesion
  • Adaptability
  • Communication
22
Q

What are the 3 coping strategies used by parents coping with a child having cystic fibrosis?

A
  • Maintaining/focusing on family life & relationships
  • Maintaining wellbeing/social relationships
  • Having relationships with medical staff/other parents
23
Q

What are the benefits of supportive relationships?

A
  • Increase adherence to treatment/self-care
  • Better emotional adjustment/coping
  • Better physiological functioning
  • Reduced mortality
24
Q

What are some of the consequences of caring?

A
  • Emotional impact
  • Physical effects
  • Immunological effects
  • Positive aspects
25
Q

What are some of the influences on caring outcomes?

A
  • Feature of the illness
  • Carer characteristics/responses
  • Relationship between carer & patient
  • Relationship quality
  • Dyadic perceptions, shared/discrepant beliefs